26 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



L, curvirostra poliogyna Whitaker. Paler, s^reyer (especially 

 on breast) than in typical form. Males in full crimson dress 

 rare. 



Resident. — Tunis and Algeria. 



L. curvirostra corsicana Tschusi. Shorter-winged, $ 97-100, 

 ? 93-98. Bill higher at base. 

 Resident. — Corsica. 



L. curvirostra caucasica Buturlin. ^ brighter red. Wing 

 92-100. Height upper mandible 7-2-8. 

 Resident. — Caucasus. 



Loxia pityopsittacus Borkhausen. Parrot Crossbill. 

 Fr. Bec-croise perroquet ; Gcr. Grosser Kreuzschnabel ; Swed. 

 Storre Korsnabb. 



Generally much larger than "curvirostra." Wing $ 104- 

 108 (H.), ^ 99-106 (W.). Bill very massive, depth at base 

 14-15-5, length 19-21, height upper mandible 9-10, breadth lower 

 mandible 13-16 (H.). 



Breeds. — Scandinavia and N. Russia to 64' N., south to Baltic 

 Provinces and Poland. In winter, irregular in W. and Central 

 Europe to Austria, N. Italy and Britain (rare). 



Loxia leucoptera bifasciata (Brehm). Two-barred 

 Crossbill. Fr. Bec-croise bifascie ; Ge7\ Weissbindiger Kreuz- 

 schnabel; Swed. Bande Korsnabb. 



Resembles "curvirostra" but is smaller, and has two broad 

 white wing bands, scapulars brown. Wing $ 89-96, ? 85-91. 

 Bill 15-16. 



Residefit in pine forests of extreme N. Europe, flocking 

 irregularly south through W. and Central Europe from Volga to 

 Rumania, Hungary, N. Italy, Switzerland and France, Britain 

 (rare). 



In N. Russia and Siberia the red seems constantly brighter, 

 paler and more pink. " L. 1. elegans " Homeyer. A British 

 specimen in Tring Museum appears to be of this form. 



Typical " L. 1. leucoptera" Gmelin is a N. American form, 

 of doubtful occurrence in Britain ; has smaller, finer bill, and 

 brown on upper parts much darker. 



