PASSERES— FRINGILUD/i: 25 



Brert/s. — N. Scandinavia (in Sweden soutli to 63 ; and N. 

 Russia. Occurs in winter io S. and W. : Hungary, N. Italy and 

 S. I'Vancc (occasional), I5ritain (rare), Volga (irregular). 



LOXIA. 



Bill compressed sideways, and mandibles cross, lower 

 usually to left of upper; haunt pine forests, and nest high 

 in conifers; eggs pale bluisl; white, marked chiefly at larger 

 end with purple spots and daslics. 



Loxia curvirostra curvirostra L. Crossbill. Fr. 

 Bec-croise ; Grr. Kreuzschnal)cl ; //a/. Crociere ; Siued. 

 Kryssnaljb. 



^ adult. Brick red, brighter on rump. f^ull red plumage 

 not acquired until 3rd or 4th year, but birds breed in immature 

 plumage. Bill, legs and feet brown. Wing (^ 95-102, 9 91-98. 

 Tarsus 15-18. Bill 17-18. Height of upper mandible at base 

 7-2-8-2. Breadth of lower mandible at base io-8-ii-4. 9 Red 

 replaced by greenish yellow ; greyer in winter. Young : above 

 brov/n, streaked with whitish or greenish yellow, beneath paler, 

 abdomen whitish with yellow tinge. 



Breeds. — Europe generally from Lapland and N. Russia south 

 to Pyrenees, Mountain ranges of S. and C. Europe to Carpathians 

 and Greece. Migrations irregular to S. and W. 



L. curvirostra hispana Hartert. Bill long and slender, 

 ^ 18-19, 9 16-18. Height of upper mandible 7. lireadth of 

 lower mandible 1 1. 



Resident. — Spain. 



L. curvirostra scotica Hartert. Bill thicker, upper mandible 

 very long and overhanging, recalling " pityopsittacus." Wing 

 $ 98-104, 9 94-99- Bill 16-17. Height upper mandible 8-2-8-6. 

 Breadth lower at base, 12-13-6. 



Resident. — Scottish H igh lands. 



L. curvirostra balearica (Homeyer). Short-winged. Bill 

 short and thick with overhanging upper mandible. Wing 

 94-9^^ (H.). 



Reside;! t. — Majorca. 



