20 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



Arctic N. America. Migratory ; occurs in winter south in Russia 

 to Orenburg, Germany, Switzerland, Holland, Britain. 



Larger individuals with wings 75-81 and bill 8-9, have been 

 named "A. 1. holboellii" (Brehm). 



A. linaria rostrata (Coues). GREATER REDPOLL. Larger, 

 darker, with a stouter bill ; more coarsely streaked on underparts. 

 Wing (^ 78-84, ? 73-81. Tarsus 14-16. Bill 9-10. The rose 

 colour does not appear to be ever so pronounced. 



Reside7it in Greenland ; occurs in N. America in winter ; 

 fairly regular at Fair Isle, occasional in Orkneys, Outer Hebrides, 

 Ireland. 



A. linaria cabaret (Muller). LESSER REDPOLL. Like "linaria" 

 but smaller ; darker and more rufous on upper parts. Wing $ 

 ^7-72>i ? 63-69 (W.). Bill 6-7, yellow, brown at tip. ? more 

 streaked ; no red on breast or rump. 



Breeds. — Britain, Alpine regions of France, Switzerland, 

 Germany, Italy, Balkan Peninsula and Carpathians. Partly 

 migratory. Occurs in winter on plains of C. and S. Europe, 

 Sicily, Malta, and occasionally Morocco. 



Acanthis hornemanni hornemanni (Holboll). Horne- 

 MANN's Redpoll. 



^ $ Like " linaria " but larger and paler ; rump white, un- 

 streaked, and washed with delicate rose ; beneath white, with 

 faint rosy tinge on breast and few or no streaks. Bill very short 

 and conical. Wing S 84-90, ? 80-84 (H.). Tarsus 15-17. Bill 

 7-5-9. In winter is much whiter than in summer. 



Breeds. — Greenland ; has occurred Spitzbergen and Jan 

 Mayen. In winter in N. America. Rare visitor to British 

 Isles. 



A. hornemanni exilipes (Coues). CoUES' REDPOLL. ^ ? 

 Smaller than " hornemanni '^ and generally darker ; white rump 

 less pure ; red on breast more distinct ; flanks and under tail 

 coverts more streaked. Wing $ 7A-7^^ ? 69-76. Tarsus 13-15. 

 Bill 6-7. 



Range. — Circumpolar. Breeds. — Lapland and N. Russia in 

 Europe. In winter rare in Britain, S. Sweden, E. Prussia, 

 Orenburg in Russia. 



