PASSKRRS— FUINCII.r.IDE 17 



C. carduelis major 'I'aczanowski. Larger ; with much more 

 white on rump and upper tail coverts. Wing 83-89. Tarsus 15. 

 r.ill 13-14. 



A \V. Siberian form, ranging in winter to E. Russia and 

 even to Poland and Prussia. 



Carduelis caniceps orientalis (Eversmann). "Caniceps" 

 differs from "carduelis" in all races in having no black on the 

 head. 



A S. Siberian race of "C. caniceps" which has occurred at 

 Orenburg, E. Russia. 



Spinus. 



Bill pointed as in "Carduelis"; colours green and yellow. 



Spinus spinus (L.). Siskin. Fr. Tarin ; Gcr. Zeisig ; Ital. 

 Lucarino ; Siucd. Gronsiska. 



(^ adult. Above green, faintly streaked ; rump yellow ; crown 

 black (tipped with grey in winter) ; beneath, chin black, eyebrow 

 and breast yellow, abdomen white, flanks yellowish streaked 

 brown, under wing coverts and axillaries yellow. Bill flesh 

 coloured with black tip. Legs and feet brown. Wing $ 70-73, 

 9 68-71. Tarsus 14-16. Bill 8-9. 9 has no black on crown ; 

 above greyish green with broader streaks ; nape yellow, rump 

 yellow streaked ; beneath, whitish tinged yellow on breast. 



Breeds. — Scandinavia to 67^ N., Finland, N. and C. Russia, 

 liritish Isles, C. Europe south to Pyrenees and Italian Alps ; 

 Caucasus and in Asia. Migratory; occurs in winter irregularly 

 in Mediterranean countries and in Egypt and N.W. Africa ; also 

 in East south to China. 



Spinus citrinella citrinella (L.). Citkil Finch. Fr. 

 Venturon alpine ; Gcr. Zitronenzeisig ; Ital. Venturone. 



^ adult. Yellowish green, narrowly streaked, greyish on 

 mantle ; nape and sides of neck bluish grey ; wing coverts brown 

 with broad yellow green tips forming a bar. Bill horn brown, 

 lighter below. Legs and feet brown. Wing ^ 75-79, 9 lyi^ 

 (W.). Tarsus 13-15. Bill 7-8. 9 inore brownish grey with less 

 yellow. Young browner, rump paler, wing bar yellow buff, beneath 

 buffy with white streaks. 



B 



