PASSKUKS— FRINC.ILMDE 15 



Breeds. — Norway to about 65 N., S. Sweden, Livonia, Russia, 

 Tyrol, Germany, N. France, Holland, IJelgium, I^enmark, and 

 15ritish Isles. Partly migratory. 



C. chloris madaraszi Tschusi. Above deeper, more intense 

 ^reen than in "chloris," and browner, less ^''cy tinged; beneath 

 darker ; somewhat shorter winged. 



Resident. — Corsica, Sardinia. 



C. chloris muhlei Parrot. Size as typical form, but darker 

 grey above, not so dark as " madaraszi." Wing (^ 87, 9 83. 



Breeds.— \r). Hungary, Italy, Palkan Peninsula (Rumania to 

 Greece) ; Asia Minor, Cyprus. Partly migratory. 



C. chloris aurantiiventris Cabanis. Brighter, with scarcely 

 any brown grey tinge on upper parts, and more uniformly yellow 

 beneath. Wing 80-86. 



Breeds. — S. France, Spain and Portugal, N.W. Africa (Tunis 

 to Morocco). Migratory ; more abundant N.W. Africa and 

 S. Spain in winter. 



The Cretan Greenfinch's status is not yet determined ; it may 

 be near "chlorotica,'' a smaller and brighter form from Syria. 



Carduelis. 



Brightly coloured with yellow in wing ; bill sharp and 

 pointed ; nest in trees; eggs 4-5, greenish white with faint reddish 

 shell markings and dark reddish brown blotches and streaks. 



Carduelis carduelis carduelis (L.). Goldfinch. />. 

 Chardonneret ; Ger. Sticglitz ; Ital. Cardcllino. 



Adult. Above wood brown ; mask crimson ; ear coverts, 

 checks and nuchal spot white ; lores and neck band black ; wings 

 black and yellow with white tips ; beneath white, sides of breast 

 and flanks washed with brown ; tail white on inner web antl 

 white tipped. P.ill whitish with dark tip. Legs dull flesh. Wing 

 ^ 76-80, 9 lyi'^- Tarsus 14-15. '•'•• 9-"- Young: no red 

 mask, chin and throat white ; above greyish brown, below 

 yellowish brown, both with dark streaks ; quills tipjjed buff". 



Breeds. — Europe generally, from 67' N. in Norway and Sweden 

 and 60" N. in Russia south to N. Spain in W. and Central Russia 

 in K. Partly migratory. 



