PASSEUKS— liUNGILLID.E 13 



Oriolus. 



ist i)rimary about half the length of 2nd; lores feathered. 



Oriolus oriolus oriolus (L.). Golden Oriole. />. 

 Loriot ; Gcr. Pirol ; I/al. Rii^ogolo ; Swed, Sommargylling. 



^ adult. Yellow ; lores, wings, and tail black. Dill dull red. 

 Iris red. Legs and feet bluish grey. Wing ^ $ 148-158. 

 Tarsus 20-23. l^i^l 21-24. ? duller ; above yellowish green ; 

 tail olive green, black at tips ; beneath whitish, washed yellow 

 and streaked dark brown. \'ery old ^ occasionally as bright as 

 (^ but always slightly streaked. Young are like $• 



Breeds. — Norway (very rare), Sweden up to 63" N. ; Russia 

 to 60" N. ; generally distributed over rest of Europe except British 

 Isles, where occurs on passage and breeds regularly in small 

 numbers in S.E. and S.W. England ; N.W. Africa. Migratory ; 

 winters in S. Africa. 



PRINGILLIDJE. 



Bill cone-shaped; wing, 9 visible primaries (true ist being 

 very tiny and invisible); tail 12 feathers; one moult in 

 autumn, the differing spring plumage being due to wearing 

 off of feather edges ; contains Finches, Sparrows, Siskins, etc. ; 

 granivorous but also insectivorous, especially when feeding 

 young ; nest in trees, bushes, or in a bank ; mostly gregarious 

 in winter. 



COCCOTHRAUSTES. 



Beak powerful, thick, broad and high; inner primaries 

 much shorter than outer and markedly curved at ends like 

 a bill-hook. 



Coccothraustes coccothraustes coccothraustes (L.). 



Hawfinch. /->. Grosbec ; Gcr. Kirsch Kernbcisscr ; J/n/. 

 Frosone. 



f^ adult, summer. Crown brown, forehead yellower ; hind 

 neck ashy grey ; back dark brown, rumj) lighter ; C|uills black 

 with long white i)atch on inner web ; larger coverts white, forming 

 a wing band ; middle tail feathers grey brown, with white tip, 

 others black with large portion of inner web white ; lores and 



