PASSERES-CORVID.E 9 



forests, especially pine ; food, insects, berries, small mammals, 

 reptiles, and yount; birds: nest, cup in conifer; eggs pale 

 greenish white marked with purplish grey and hair brown. 



Perisoreus infaustus infaustus L.;. Siiikrian Jay. 



t/\v. Unyluckshiiher ; .SViVv/. Lafskrika. 



^ 9 Crown and nape sooty brown ; mantle, wings, and two 

 central tail feathers grey ; margin of quills, some wing coverts, 

 upper tail coverts, and tail foxy red ; beneath grey, rufous on 

 abdomen and under tail coverts. Bill, legs and feet black. 

 ^^'i"g S 136-147, ? 135-140. Tarsus 33-36. Bill 15-18. 



Resident — Europe, north of Baltic, to about 69" ; N. Russia, 

 Esthonia and Livonia. Rare visitor Germany and Denmark. 



Pyrrhocorax. 



Black, Crow-like birds, with thin red or yellow bills and 

 feet ; inhabit mountains or sea cliffs ; gregarious ; food, insects, 

 worms, seeds, berries ; nest in caves or clefts in cliffs, rocks, 

 ruins ; eggs creamy white, occasionally pale green, with faint 

 purplish grey and light and dark brown blotches. 



Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (L.). Chough. Fr. Crave ; 

 Gc)'. .Sleinkrahe. 



^ $ Black, glossed with steel blue, wings and tail glossed 

 green. liill curved, red (in young orange brown). Legs and 

 feet red. Wing ^ 275-313, 9 265-288. Tarsus 50-54. 1^11142-51. 



RcsidcJit. — Coasts of British Isles except E., \V. France, 

 Pyrenees, Mountains C. and S. Europe from Portugal and Spain 

 eastwards, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Balearic Isles (accidental), 

 Croatian littoral, Greece, Mountains N.W. Africa and Coasts of 

 Algeria, Caucasus ; also Asia east to Himalayas. 



Pyrrhocorax graculus (L.). Alpine Chouch. Fr. 

 Chocard ; Go'. Alpendohlc ; Ifal. Gracchio. 



^ 9 Glossy black ; bill yellow, shorter, stouter and straighter 

 than in "pyrrhocorax." Legs and feet red. Wing 253-280. 

 Tarsus 45-47. Bill 20-25. 



Rcsidojt. — Mountains of C. and S. Europe ; Spain, Portugal, 

 Italy, Corsica, Greece, Caucasus; also W. Asia (Asia Minor to 

 Himalayas). 



