8 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



G. glandarius cretorum Meinertzhagcn. Very near "ichnusre" 

 but has slightly redder hind neck and greyer back. Similar in 

 size. 



Resident — Crete ; Ilex forests at 4000 feet upwards. 



G. glandarius minor Verreaux. Smaller. Wing $ 162-170, 

 average 165. Very little white on forecrown, duller vinous 

 on neck and face, greyer and less vinous both above and 

 below. 



Resident. — South Atlas ranges of Algeria and Morocco. 



G. glandarius krynicki Kalenicz. Slightly larger than 

 typical form ; crown entirely black, forehead white with black 

 tips and reddish tinge ; face and ear coverts pale vinous. 

 Greyish vinous back distinguishes it from "atricapillus " (Syria 

 and Palestine). 



Resident. — Caucasus, Crimea, Thrace and Asia Minor. 



G. glandarius whitakeri Hartert. Resembles "cervicalis," 

 but nape, hind neck, and sides of neck vinous brown in sharp 

 contrast to a greyer back with hardly any vinous tinge. Inter- 

 mediate with "minor." 



Resident. — N. Morocco, N.W. Algeria (Oran). 



G. glandarius cervicalis Bonaparte. Nearest " atricapillus " 

 from Syria, but back grey, more so than in typical form ; nape, 

 hind neck, and sides of neck bright rusty red ; entire crown black, 

 feathers on forehead white at bases only ; face, ear coverts, and 

 throat pure white. 



Resident. — N. Tunisia, N.E. Algeria south to Aures 

 Mountains. 



G. glandarius brandti Eversmann. Crown foxy red with 

 black streaks, without any white ; hind neck and nape rich 

 rufous ; below more reddish brown than typical form ; similar 

 in size. 



A N. Asiatic form, which occurs in winter in Orenburg district 

 of Russia along with typical form. 



Perisoreus. 



Near " Garrulus " but bill broader and straighter; tail 

 more graduated ; plumage soft and downy; frequent northern 



