6 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 

 Cyanopica cyanus cooki Bonaparte. Azure-winged 



MAGriE. 



(^ 9 Above dove grey, head black, secondaries blue ; 

 primaries black with white edges ; tail blue with white tips ; 

 beneath white, flanks and under tail coverts washed with ashy- 

 brown. Bill, legs and feet black. Wing 128-136. Tarsus 33-36. 

 Bill 17-21. 



Resident. — S. and Middle Spain and Portugal. Typical 

 ''cyanus" and another subspecies are found in N.E. Asia. 



NUCIFRAGA. 



Resemble Jays in habits; food, nuts, cone-seeds, insects, 

 berries ; nest, cup in trees, generally conifers ; eggs greenish 

 white, finely marked with pale liver brown. 



Nucifraga caryocatactes caryocatactes (L.). Nut- 

 cracker. Fj-. Chasse noix ; Gcr. Tannenhiiher ; lial. Nocciolaja ; 

 Swed. Notkraka. 



$ $ Colour dark chocolate with white spots ; tail tipped 

 with white, spots 5-10 m.m. long. Bill thick and blunt, black. 

 Legs and feet black. Wing 180-195. Tarsus 35-40. Bill 4i-43j 

 depth at angle 13-16. 



B?reds. — Scandinavia to about 64° N., Baltic Provinces, Lap- 

 land, Finland, Russia (from Jaroslav and Moscow to Urals and 

 south to Ekaterinburg), E. Prussia, Denmark (occasional), S. 

 Germany and Bohemia, Alpine system of C. Europe to Car- 

 pathians, Montenegro, Croatian littoral, and Pyrenees. Resident. 

 Rare visitor elsewhere including Britain, generally in autumn and 

 winter. 



N. caryocatactes macrorhynchus Brehm. Bill longer, more 

 slender and pointed, 42-50 m.m. long, 12-14 cleep at angle; 

 white spots on outer tail feathers longer, about 25-30 m.m. 



A Siberian breeding race ; occasionally occurs in winter as far 

 west as Britain, France, and Pyrenees, south to N. Italy and 

 Hungary. 



Garrulus. 



Crow-like; crested, with a chequered blue and black 

 patch on wings ; food, insects, fruit, eggs, small mammals 



