116 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



Crateropus. 



An African and Indian genus of birds, about size of 

 Thruslies ; frequent scrubby country in small parties; noisy; 

 food, insects, berries, seeds ; nest in bush ; eggs blue. 



Crateropus fulvus fulvus (Desfonlaines). 



(^ $. Sandy rufous above, redder on crown ; beneath paler, 

 throat white, middle of abdomen whitish. Bill dark brown. 

 Legs and feet greenish grey brown. Wing (^ 98-102, 9 about 

 5 m.m. less. Tarsus 32-34. Culmen 25-26-5 (H.). 



Resident. — S. Morocco, S. Algeria, Tunisia, Tripoli. 



TURDUS. 



Young spotted ; fine songsters; almost omnivorous; nest, 

 a cup in bushes, trees, or on ground ; eggs blue or blue green, 

 nearly always spotted or blotched with dark or reddish brown. 



Turdus aureus Holandre. White's Thrush. 



(^ $ Above ochreous brown, beneath paler, both above and 

 below with black crescentic spots ; axillaries, basal half white, 

 terminal half black ; near the base of each quill (beginning 

 usually at 3rd primary) is a buff-coloured spot, these combined 

 form on under surface of wing a yellowish band ; tail 14 feathers. 

 Bill brown, yellowish at base below. Legs and feet yellowish 

 brown. Wing $ 9 152-164. Tarsus 35-39. Bill 21-22. 



Breeds. — E. Siberia and Japan. Of occasional occurrence in 

 Europe, generally in winter. 



Turdus sibiricus sibiricus Pallas. 



$ Above dark slaty grey, crown darker ; beneath slate grey, 

 middle of abdomen and supercilium white ; on under wing a 

 broad white band, formed by spots on inner webs of quills (except 

 1st and 2nd primaries). Bill black, paler at base below. Legs 

 and feet light brown. Wing 1 16-122. Tarsus 30. Culmen 

 22-25 (HO- ^ Above olive brown, supercilium buff; below 

 white, tinged buff on breast and brown on flanks, each feather 

 tipped olive brown. Bill brown. 



Breeds.— C Siberia. Occurrence in Europe casual, recorded 

 Germany, Belgium, Holland, France, Bulgaria. 



