120 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



of feather edges. Wing 127-137. Tarsus 28-33. Bill 15-16. ? 

 Browner above, breast and sides also browner. Wing 121- 128. 



A Siberian breeding species ; occasionally occurs in EurojDe ; 

 recorded from most countries. 



Turdus ruficollis ruficollis Pallas. Red-throated 

 Thrush. 



^ Above grey brown, supercilium reddish buff; beneath 

 white ; throat and breast pale chestnut as also under wings and 

 rectrices except central pair. Bill dark brown. Legs and feet 

 brown. Wing 135-141. Tarsus 31-33. Bill 15-18. ? only 

 traces of chestnut on throat and breast, generally buff with 

 small black spots ; tail as in ^ ; beneath dull white. Wing 



130-135. 



Breeds. — E. Siberia. Of rare occurrence in Europe (recorded 

 Holland, France, Germany, Baltic Provinces, Austria, Hungary, 

 Italy). 



T. ruficollis atrigularis Temminck. Black-throated Thrush. 

 ^ as in typical form, but black on breast (margined white in 

 winter), tail grey brown, under wing coverts and axillaries pale 

 cinnamon ; crown generally streaked black. ? resembles typical 

 9 , but throat more heavily striped and no chestnut on tail. 



Breeds. — W. Siberia. More frequently occurs in Europe ; 

 reported most countries, rarer in west. 



Turdus torquatus torquatus L. Ring-Ouzel. Br. 

 Merle a plastron ; Ger. Ringamsel ; 7^al. Merlo con petto 

 bianco ; Swed. Ring-Trast. 



^ summer. Above sooty black ; gorget white, rest of under- 

 parts brown black ; quills edged whitish. Bill yellow tipped 

 dark brown. Legs and feet brown. Wing 140-147. Tarsus 

 30-34. Bill 16-19. In winter, feathers above fringed grey brown, 

 gorget dull white, feathers of underparts fringed dull white. 9 

 summer. Browner than (J, gorget duller white, most feathers 

 above and below retain part of winter edging. Wing 135-145. 

 In winter, fringes of feathers above and below broader than in 

 (^, gorget much less conspicuous. 



Breeds. — British Isles, Norway to about 70°, Sweden, Finland 

 (rare). Occurs on passage through Europe, chiefly west, rare in 

 Russia ; winters S. Europe and N.W. Africa. 



