126 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



CE. hispanicamelanoleuca(Giildenstadt). ^ summer. Differs 

 from typical. Crown, nape, back, upper tail coverts, and under- 

 parts pure white (slightly creamy on back in some), black of 

 lores generally meeting at base of bill, throat black (extending 

 further down than in "hispanica") or white, scapulars all 

 black, black tips of rectrices generally narrower, but variable, 

 occasionally absent ; under surface of quills, under wing coverts 

 and axillaries almost black. In winter, crown, back, scapulars, 

 margins of wing coverts and secondaries reddish brown ; under- 

 parts creamy buff, black of feathers of throat with pale tips. 

 9 Crown, nape and scapulars grey brown, darker on ear coverts, 

 rump and upper tail coverts white, tips of tail brown, chin and 

 throat greyish buff, in some very dark, almost black ; beneath 

 buff, darker on breast. 



Breeds. — S.E. Europe, from Dalmatia through Balkans and 

 Greece to S. Russia (Crimea), Asia Minor and Palestine. Occurs 

 on passage in Egypt, S. Italy, and rarely N.W. Africa. Winters 

 in Soudan and E. tropical Africa. Rare visitor Britain. 



CEnanthe leucomela leucomela (Pallas). Pied 

 Wheatear. 



^ Crown, hind neck, rump, upper tail coverts, breast, 

 abdomen and under tail coverts white, occasionally with faint 

 buff tinge ; back, scapulars, wings, face, throat and chest black ; 

 tail feathers white with black ends, central pair, basal third 

 white, remainder black ; under wing coverts and axillaries black. 

 Bill, legs and feet black. Wing ^ 89-97, $ 87-95. Tarsus 

 22-24. Bill 11-12. After autumn moult head becomes brown 

 and underparts more isabelline. $ Above light brown, rump 

 and upper tail coverts white, throat greyish, chest browner, 

 occasionally mottled with or almost black, under tail coverts 

 buff. Some specimens have the throat white (" S. vittata"). 



Breeds. — S. Russia, from Dobrudscha and Crimea to Caucasus, 

 Volga Steppes, and Urals north to 53", and across Siberia to 

 China. Occurs on passage in Egypt ; winters N.E. Africa. 

 Of rare occurrence Britain, Heligoland, Italy. 



CEnanthe finschi finschi (Heuglin). 



^ summer. As in "leucomela" but back (not scapulars) 

 white, under tail coverts salmon buff. Bill, legs and feet black. 



