GO BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



Young resemble winter .'idults but browner alDove, chin and throat 

 white, eye-stripe buff and underparts darker bufif. 



Breeds. — N. and C. Europe, north to about 6i°, south to Spain, 

 Portugal, N. Italy, S. Russia, east to Urals (interbreeds with 

 "beema" in Ufa Govt.), Caspian, Caucasus. Migratory ; passes 

 through S. Europe and N. Africa ; some winter Morocco and 

 Egypt but majority in C. and S. Africa. Accidental Faroes and 

 Iceland. Regular but rare on passage Britain and has bred. 



M. flava dombrowskii (Tschusi). V^ery close to typical 

 form ; crown, lores, and ear coverts darker, white eyebrow 

 occasionally absent. 



Breeds. — Rumania, Dobrudscha, Macedonia to Dalmatia. 

 Occurs on passage Egypt, Palestine, Algeria. Winters in Africa. 



M. flava beema Sykes. Summer : forehead and crown paler 

 than typical form, lower parts of ear coverts whiter. Tail usually 

 shorter, ^ ^l-li- Winter: crown greener and greyer, ear coverts 

 greyer. 



Breeds. — E. Russia, Orenburg, Ufa, and Samara Govts., and 

 W. Asia. Casual in rest of Europe ; recorded Britain, Germany, 

 Rumania and Italy ; also Tunisia. Winters E. Africa and India. 



M. flava leucocephala (Przewalski). $ Top of head, ear 

 coverts, lores, cheeks and chin white ; hind neck smoky grey ; 

 otherwise resembles " beema." 



A N. Asiatic breeding race. Has occurred E. Russia (Perm 

 and Orenburg), and in Egypt and E. Africa on migration. 



M. flava thunbergi Billberg. Grey-headed Wagtail. $ 

 summer. Crown and ear coverts darker, latter almost black 

 with no white admixture ; eyebrow almost or quite absent ; chin 

 only white ; green of upper parts darker. $ winter and 9 

 distinguishable from typical form by dark ear coverts and no 

 supercilium. 



Breeds. — N. Europe from about 63'' N. to tree limits, and in 

 N. Siberia. Migratory ; very rare on passage Britain, Faroes, 

 W. and C. Europe ; irregular Italy and Sicily ; Greece and N.W. 

 Africa not common ; Egypt common especially spring ; Caucasus, 

 E. Russia (Orenburg and Ural Valley), very common. In winter 

 E. Africa common, also occurs then in S. Asia (India to Philippines). 



