PASSERES— MOTACII.TJD.E 57 



n?-€i'(is. — Norway to Finmark, Lapland, N. Russia, and Arctic 

 Islands, and in Siberia. Mi.ijrates on S.E. route through Sweden 

 and Russia to Caucasus and E. Mediterranean. Rare on passage 

 Britain and W. Europe, not common Algeria and Malta. Winters 

 Egypt and N.E. Africa, and S. Asia to India and .Malaya. 



An thus trivial! strivialis (L.). Tree-Pipit, ^r. Pipi des 

 arbres ; Gcr. Baumpieper ; Ital. Prispolone ; Swed. Triidpiplarka. 



$ 9 Resembles " A. pratensis " but larger, rump unstreaked, 

 pale part of tail feathers pure white ; hind claw shorter than hind 

 toe and curved ; ist to 3rd primaries equal, 4th 4-6 m.m. shorter, 

 2nd to 4th emarginate. In winter more olive above and more 

 buff beneath. Bill dark brown, pale below. Legs and feet pale 

 flesh. Wing $ 84-90, 9 81-87. Tarsus 20-22. Bill 10-12. 

 Hind claw 8. 



Breeds. — Europe from Tromso and N. Russia east into Asia, 

 south to Cantabrian Mountains, N. Italy, Greece, Caucasus. 

 Migratory ; winters in some Mediterranean countries, Egypt, 

 N. Africa, and in tropical Africa. Accidental in Canaries and 

 Madeira. 



Anthus gustavi Swinhoe. Petchora Pipit. 



^ ^ Above reddish olive brown, streaked dark brown, upper 

 back with buff streaks (white in winter) and margins of wing 

 coverts white; rump streaked; beneath as in "trivialis" but 

 pale part of tail feathers bufty not pure white ; 2nd and 3rd 

 primaries emarginate. In winter more buff on underparts. Hind 

 claw slender, slightly curved and longer than hind toe. Bill 

 dark brown above, below lighter with dark tip. Legs and 

 feet brownish flesh. Wing $ 82-85, ? 79-82 (H.). Tarsus 23. 

 Bill 10-12. Hind claw 11. 



Breeds. — N.E. Russia (Petchora) and Siberia east to Com- 

 mander Islands, south to Altai. Occurs in winter on China 

 Coasts. Migrates S.E. 



Anthus spinoletta spinoletta (L.). Water Pipit. 

 Fr. Pipi spionccUc ; Ger. Wasscrpieper ; Ital. Spioncello. 



(^ ? summer. Above greyish olive brown, with faint dark 

 streaks, eyebrow whitish buff; beneath dull buff with vinous 

 tinge, unstriped ; tail, outer feathers white along outer web and 



