150 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



(^ Above grey, vcrmiculated and streaked with black and 

 warm buff; upper tail coverts and tail barred black; beneath, 

 abdomen, under tail coverts and under wing coverts buff barred 

 black; on each side of throat a white patch; ist, 2nd and 

 3rd primaries with a large white spot on inner web ; two outer 

 pairs of rectrices white tipped for about 35 m.m. Bill black. 

 Legs and feet reddish brown. Wing <^ ? 190-200. Tarsus 

 16-17. Bill 8-9. 9 White spots on primaries and white tips 

 tail feathers replaced by rusty yellow, marbled brown. 



Breeds. — British Isles and C. Europe north to about 64°, 

 uncommon Denmark ; in Russia east to Urals and Orenburg, 

 but rare in S.E. (Astrakhan). Migrates ; occurs Hungary, 

 Balkans, Mediterranean Islands, Caucasia, Spain and N, Africa 

 (Egypt to Morocco) on passage. Winters Africa south to Cape 

 Colony. 



C. europaeus meridionalis Hartert. Like typical " europasus " 

 but smaller. Wing ^ 174-186 (H.). 



Breeds. — S. Europe ; Spain, Corsica, Sardinia, S. Italy, 

 Hungary and Rumania to Greece and Balkans, also Crimea, 

 Caucasus, and Asia Minor ; and N.W. Africa (Morocco to 

 Tunisia). Occurs Egypt on passage ; winters in Africa. 



0. europaeus unwini Hume. Paler than " europaeus," more 

 sandy grey above ; spots on inner webs of primaries larger, in 

 1st reaching the shaft, in 2nd and 3rd extending to both webs ; 

 under tail coverts usually faintly barred, sometimes uniform. 

 Wing shorter, S 180-186 (H.). 



Breeds. — S.W. Asia, east to Kashmir. Has occurred at Oren- 

 burg, E. Russia, and in winter in Natal (S. Africa). 



C. europaeus sarudnyi Hartert. Intermediate between 

 "unwini" and "europaeus"; white spots on primaries as in 

 "unwini" but colour above as in "europaeus" ; also intermediate 

 in size. Wing (^ 181-196 (H.). 



Breeds. — C. Asian Mountains. Occurs Egypt on passage. 



Caprimulgus ruficollis ruficollis Temminck. Rufous- 

 necked Nightjar. 



^ Larger than " C. e. europaeus " and more rufous, especially 

 beneath ; collar rufous ; on throat distinct white patch black tipped. 



