158 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



Picus canus canus Gmelin. Fr. Pic cendre ; Gcr. Grau- 

 specht ; Ital. Picchio cenerino ; Swed. Graspett. 



^ Above green, yellowish on rump, forecrovvn crimson, 

 occiput (streaked black) and neck grey ; lores and narrow rictal 

 stripe black ; beneath pale green, throat still paler, under tail 

 coverts slightly mottled dark brown. Bill dark horn, pale at 

 base below. Legs and feet greenish grey. Wing ? $ 143-150. 

 Tarsus 25-27. Culmen 39-44 (H.). $ Crown all grey. Young like 

 adult, but flanks barred dark brown and rictal stripe indistinct. 



Residejit. — Continental Europe from about Arctic Circle east 

 to Urals, south to France, Switzerland, Italian Alps, Albania, 

 Bulgaria and Turkey, in S. Russia to Caucasus and Astrakhan ; 

 also in W. Persia. 



Dryobates 



Plumage black and white (with some red) ; 4 toes ; neck 

 much thinner than in "Picus." 



Dryobates major major (L.). Great Spotted Wood- 

 pecker. Fr. Pic epeiche ; Ge^'. Grosser Buntspecht ; Ital. 

 Picchio rosso maggiore ; Swcd. Storre Hackspett. 



^ Above black, frontal band brown to brownish white ; 

 occiput crimson ; sides of head, ear coverts, a patch on side of 

 neck, scapulars and wing spots white ; beneath creamy white 

 to buff or dirty brown ; a black band from gape to nape, 

 developing into a black patch on either side of chest ; abdomen 

 and under tail coverts crimson ; outer tail feathers barred white. 

 Bill leaden grey, paler at base below. Legs and feet greenish 

 grey. Iris crimson red. Wing ^ ? 136-144. Tarsus 24-26. 

 Bill 23-26. $ like $ but lacks crimson on occiput. Young have 

 entire crown crimson, and iris brown. 



Resident. — Scandinavia to E. Finmark, Lapland, Finland, 

 Russia east to Urals and south to Volga, Baltic Provinces, 

 E. Prussia. Sometimes strays in winter, then occurs in small 

 numbers C. Europe, British Isles, Ural Delta, Caucasus. Rare 

 visitor Faroes. 



D. major pinetorum (Brehm). Smaller than "major" and 

 bill more slender ; frontal band grey brown. Wing 1 31-138 (H.). 



Resident — C. Europe from Holland and Germany (except 

 E. Prussia) south to Pyrenees, N. Switzerland, and Hungary. 



