36 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



Emberiza cirlus L. Cirl Bunting. Fr. Bruant zizi; 

 Ger. Zaunammer ; Itai. Zigolo nero. 



^ summer. Crown (streaked black), neck, lesser wing 

 coverts, rump, upper tail coverts and chest band olive green ; 

 back, scapulars (streaked), and sides of breast chestnut ; lores, 

 post-ocular stripe, and upper throat black ; eyebrow, lower face, 

 throat band, and abdomen yellow. Winter, black of throat 

 hidden by grey tips to feathers, and upper parts generally duller. 

 Bill dark above, bluish below. Legs and feet brownish. Wing 

 ^ 74-83, ? 72-80. Tarsus 18-21. Bill 8-1 1. $ Above more 

 grey brown streaked, lesser wing coverts olive green, throat yellow, 

 chest band duller green, breast yellow tinged cinnamon, abdomen 

 yellow. 



Breeds. — S. England, Belgium, France, S.W. Germany, Italy, 

 Croatia, Balkans, S. Russia to Caucasus, Greece, Mediterranean 

 Islands, Spain and Portugal, N.W. Africa (Tunis to Morocco) ; 

 also Asia Minor. Accidental in Malta. Rare Egypt. Largely a 

 resident bird. 



Subspecies described are not considered separable. 



Emberiza hortulana L. Ortolan. Fr. Bruant-ortolan ; 

 Ger. Gartenammer ; Ital. Ortolano. 



(^ adult. Above olive brown, striated ; crown, face, sides of 

 and hind neck, and chest greenish grey, throat and eye-rim yellow,, 

 abdomen cinnamon. Bill reddish flesh. Legs and feet brownish 

 flesh. Wing $ 82-90, $ 79-87. Tarsus 19-22. Bill 9-1 1. $ 

 duller, head less green and striated, throat yellow, sides of 

 throat and chest striped. Young: brown striated; traces of 

 yellow on throat and cinnamon on abdomen ; almost in- 

 distinguishable from young "caesia," but throat whiter and less 

 streaked. 



Breeds. — Europe north to Arctic Circle and south to Mediter- 

 ranean ; Morocco ; in Russia east to Urals, and south to 

 Caucasus ; also through N. Asia. Migrates ; occurs on passage 

 Britain, Malta, Sardinia, Tunisia, Algeria, and Egypt ; has been 

 found in winter in Abyssinia. 



Emberiza buchanani Blyth. 



$ Above grey, browner and striated on mantle ; scapulars- 

 cinnamon on outer webs ; throat grey, breast and abdomen 



