PASSERES— FRINGILLID.E 35 



more or less black, yellow sometimes extends round neck to form 

 a collar. Bill dark brown, paler below. Legs and feet brown. 

 Wing (^ 9--99> $ 84-92. Tarsus 21-23. I^>11 i^-i3- ? Above 

 light brown with dark streaks, rump slightly yellow ; beneath 

 brownish buff, tinged with (sometimes quite) yellow. Young like 

 $ . Under tail coverts are yellow at all ages. 



Bn't\/s.—S.E. Europe ; Greece to Uobrudscha and Balkan 

 Peninsula west to Italy, especially Adriatic coast and Liguria. 

 Also S.W. Asia. To \V. and N. of breeding range only an 

 occasional visitor. Migrates to S.E. and winters in India. 



Emberiza luteola Sparrman. 



o Head and throat orange cinnamon, back yellowish green, 

 upper tail coverts and underparts yellow. Bill bluish-grey, at 

 tip brown above, whitish below. Legs and feet brownish flesh. 

 Wing 87-90. Tarsus 21. Bill 12-13 (H.). ? Above grey brown, 

 striped black, rump and upper tail coverts tinged yellowish ; 

 beneath pale brown, lower abdomen and under tail coverts tinged 

 yellow. 



A S.W. Asiatic species ; has occurred in Italy and Heligoland. 

 "Often seen in Constantinople Market" (Braun). 



Emberiza aureola Pallas. Yellow-breasted Bunting. 



cJ adult, summer. Above dark chestnut, median wing 

 coverts white, forecrown, face and throat black ; beneath yellow 

 with dark chestnut gorget and flank streaks. In winter, black 

 on head and throat is lost, and chestnut feathers are margined 

 grey. Bill dark brown above, pale brown below. Legs and feet 

 light brown. Wing S 75-8o, 9 70-74. Tarsus 20-22. Bill 9-1 1. 

 9 Upper parts grey brown, with black streaks, crown with 

 light mesial stripe, sides dark brown tinged chestnut, rump 

 chestnut, median wing coverts dark brown, tipped dull white ; 

 beneath yellow (with grey brown tips after moult), with dark 

 streaks on flanks and ill-defined gorget. Young like 9 but 

 no chestnut tinge on head or rump ; breast streaked like 

 flanks. 



An Asiatic species whose summer range extends into N.C. 

 and E. Russia from Northern Dvina south to 50" ; in autumn 

 occasional in W. and S. Europe, but chief migration movement 

 is to the eastward. 



