34 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



developed) purple red ; underparts yellow, tipped olive green 

 on breast, and sometimes purple red band in front of green ; 

 flanks streaked purple brown. Bill blue-grey. Legs and feet 

 brown. Wing ^ 80-92, ? 80-89. Tarsus 18-19. Bill 9-10. 

 $ Above darker with dark streaks on crown, paler yellow below 

 with dark grey stripes on throat and upper breast and larger 

 streaks on flanks. 



Breeds. — British Isles, N. and C. Europe (in Norway to 70° N.) 

 south to Pyrenees, N. Spain, Austria, Hungary, Macedonia, Bul- 

 garia, and Montenegro. Partly migratory ; occurs in winter in 

 Mediterranean, S. Spain (rare), Portugal, Italy, Sicily, Turkey, 

 N.W. Africa (occasional). 



E. citrinella erythrogenys Brehm. Greyer and less olive on 

 upper parts ; wing coverts, secondaries and tail feathers with paler 

 margins. 



Breeds. — E. Prussia, N. and C. Russia east to Urals and south 

 to Caspian and Caucasus ; and in Siberia. Occurs in winter S. 

 Russia to Italy. 



Emberiza leucocephala Gmelin. Pine Bunting. 



$ Above reddish brown streaked with black, rump and 

 upper tail coverts chestnut, crown grey brown, white in centre, 

 face and throat chestnut, ear coverts white ; beneath, foreneck 

 and abdomen white, chest and flanks pale chestnut with white 

 tips. Bill brown, paler below. Legs and feet brown. Wing $ 

 90-95) ? 82-91. Tarsus i9-20'5. Bill from skull 10-5-12 (W.). 

 $ Above greyer, ear coverts brown, no white on crown, rump 

 chestnut, but none on face and little or none on throat. Much 

 as 9 "citrinella," but yellow replaced by white. Young much as 

 $ , rump chestnut, throat and breast pale buff, a faint reddish 

 tinge on breast and flanks with dark streaks. 



A Siberian bird which has occasionally occurred in Europe, 

 from C. Russia to Fair Isle, Belgium, and France. 



Emberiza melanocephala Scopoli. Black-headed 

 Bunting. 



$ Crown and sides of head black (obscured by brown tips 

 after moult) ; back, scapulars, and sides of breast chestnut ; upper 

 tail coverts yellowish ; beneath bright yellow ; occasionally throat 



