PASSERES— FKINGILLID.E 33 



Passer simplex saharae Erhmger. Desert-Sparrow. 



(^ Above silvery grey ; lesser wing coverts white, greater and 

 primaries dark with sandy tips, upper tail coverts creamy white, 

 lores and throat black, sides of neck and underparts creamy 

 white. l)ill black (summer), yellowish brown (winter). Legs and 

 feet brown. Wing 77-81. Tarsus 19-20. Bill 10 (H.). $ more 

 sandy, less grey, lacks black lores and throat. 



Resident. — Sandy deserts of N. Africa, Algeria to Nubia. 

 Typical race " P. s. simplex" occurs in S. Nubia east to Berber. 



Emberiza. 



Bill short, more or less stout and conical, with a knob on 

 palate ; food, seeds, fruits, insects ; cup nest on ground or 

 in bushes or hole in wall ; eggs reddish white, greyish white, 

 or buffy grey, marked with dark blotches and spots, and 

 usually with tortuous and angular lines or scribblings. The 

 brighter colours of the summer plumage almost obscured 

 after moult by buff or grey tips to the new feathers. 



Emberiza calandra L. Corn Bunting. Fr. Bruant- 

 Proyer ; Ger. Grauammer ; Ital. Strillizo ; Siucd. Kornsparf 



S 9 Above greyish brown, streaked ; beneath creamy 

 white spotted or streaked on throat, breast, and flanks ; no 

 while on tail. After moult darker and often yellowish on 

 underparts. Bill yellowish, brown along top of culmen. Legs and 

 feet yellowish brown. Wing ^ 89-103, ? 83-101. Tarsus 24-26. 

 Bill 10-12. 



Breeds. — British Isles ; Europe from S. Sweden to Mediter- 

 ranean and Islands, N.W. Africa, Canary Islands, C. and S. Russia 

 to Caucasus ; also W\ Asia. Partially migratory ; occurs in 

 winter in Egypt. 



Various subspecies described are not satisfactorily separable. 



Emberiza citrinella citrinella L. Yellow Hammer. 

 Fr. Bruant jaunc ; Ger. Goldammer ; Ital. Zigolo giallo ; Si^'ed. 

 ( lulsjxirf 



$ Above olive brown with dark streaks, rump and upper 

 I. Ill coverts cinnamon, crown and face yellow with some green 

 tips ; throat yellow, traces of malar stripe (sometimes fully 



C 



