32 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



black. After moult chestnut is tipped brown and throat tipped 

 white. 5 resembles $ "domesticus" but flanks are streaked. 

 Wing ^ 74-80. Tarsus 19-20. Bill 10-12. 



Resident.~Q^Yi2,xy Islands, N.W. Africa, Spain, Sicily, Italy 

 north to Genoa, Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor. Occurs 

 in winter in S. France and Egypt. 



P. hispaniolensis arrigonii Tschusi. Darker, black streaks on 

 back broad. Wing ^ 75-78(11.). 

 Reside7it. — Sardinia, Corsica. 



P. hispaniolensis maltae Hartert. Like typical form, but 

 flank streaks narrower or even absent. Wing ^ 76-81. 

 Resident.— yi2\l?i and Sicily. 



P. hispaniolensis brutius Fiore. Back as in typical form, 

 breast greyish white, flanks very faintly streaked or not at all. 

 Resident. — S. Italy (Calabria and Tarento). 



P. hispaniolensis fluckerigeri Kleinschmidt. Back browner, 

 streaks on flanks wanting or very faint. 



Resideiit. — S. Algeria. 



Specimens are occasionally found in Spain with few or no 

 flank streaks. "P. h. maltae," "P. h. brutius," and also "P. h. 

 arrigoni" and "fluckerigeri" may prove to be hybrids. In Malta 

 examples with or without flank streaks occur. 



Passer montanus montanus (L.). Tree-Sparrow. Fr. 

 Friquet ; Ger. Feldsperling ; Ital. Passera mattugia ; Swed. Piefink. 



Sexes similarly coloured. Resembles " domesticus " but entire 

 crown, nape and hind neck pale chocolate brown, cheeks and sides 

 of neck white with a black patch on ear coverts, lesser and greater 

 wing coverts white tipped. Wing ^ 65-74, $ 64-68. Tarsus 

 16-18. Bill 8-10. 



Breeds. — Britain, and Europe from 68-30" N. south to Spain 

 and Sicily, Macedonia, and S. Russia. Partial migrant ; occurs in 

 winter Dalmatia, Albania, Greece, Malta, Sardinia, and Corsica ; 

 N. Africa (doubtful). 



P. montanus volgensis Ogncw. Upper parts greyer, not so 

 red brown as "montanus" ; crown darker, wings and tail greyer. 

 Wing about 3 mm. shorter. 



Breeds. — Volga Delta. 



