30 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



broad lateral stripes ; upper parts streaked, feathers buff on outer, 

 dark brown on inner webs ; beneath pale buff with slight yellow 

 tinge and faintly streaked ; a yellow throat spot ; tail with large 

 white apical spots (conspicuous in flight). Bill yellow with brown 

 tip. Legs and feet brownish yellow. Wing 93-100 (H.). Tarsus 

 18-20. Billio-ii. 9 somewhat resembles a $ House-Sparrow; 

 yellow throat spot fainter than in (^ . Young are paler and without 

 throat spot. 



Resident. — Russia to 64° N., C. and S. France, Switzerland, 

 S. Germany, S. Europe, Hungary to Portugal, Accidental in 

 Holland, Belgium, Malta, Azores. 



P. petronia hellmayri Arrigonl. Darker, less rusty upper 

 parts than typical form ; difficult to distinguish. 

 Restde?if. — Sardinia and Corsica. 



P. petronia macrorhyncha Brehm. Lighter and somewhat 

 longer billed ; white spot on outer tail feathers larger. 



Reside?it. — Balkan Peninsula, Serbia and Dalmatia to Greece 

 and Macedonia. 



P. petronia barbara Erlanger. Head, lower back, rump, and 

 tail coverts greyer ; paler below, and yellow spot very pale ; 

 bill larger ; white spots on outer tail feathers much larger. 



Resident. — N.W. Africa ; Tunis to Morocco. 



P. petronia madeirensis Erlanger. Above darker than typical 

 form, especially middle of head and rump ; beneath more grey 

 brown, and lacking the faint yellow tinge ; smaller. Wing 

 90-97.5 (H.). 



Reside?it. — Madeira and Canary Islands. 



P. petronia exigua (Hellmayr). Like typical form, but more 

 dusky grey above ; bill weaker. 



Reside?it. — Estuary of Don, Caucasus, Armenia. 



Passer. 



Bill short, thick, upper mandible curved ; nest in holes, 

 or untidy ball in trees ; eggs white with brown spots. 



Passer domesticus domesticus (L.). House-Sparrow. 

 Fr. Moineau ; Ger. Haussperling ; Ital. Passera oltramontana ; 

 Swed. Hussparf. 



