160 BIRDS OF EUHOI»E AND NORTH AFRICA 



D. major mauritanus (Brehm). Like "hispanus" but under- 

 parts paler and crimson on breast well developed, though 

 occasionally absent. Wing 123-124. 



Resident. — N. and Middle Morocco. 



D. major numidus (Malherbe). Like "mauritanus"' but black 

 side patches meet on breast and the feathers have crimson tips 

 forming a black and crimson breast band. 



Resident. — N. Algeria, N. Tunisia. 



D. major canariensis (Koenig). Underparts of a dark buff 

 brown, sides of abdomen very white, ear coverts almost pure 

 white, frontal band reddish buff to reddish brown. Wing 

 ^^32-137 (H.). Bill weaker than in "pinetorum.'" 



Resident. — Tenerife (Canary Islands). 



D. major thanneri (Le Roi). Underparts paler than in 

 " canariensis," and also frontal band ; ear coverts are similar. 

 Reside?it. — Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). 



Dryobates leucotus leucotus (Bechstein). White- 

 backed Woodpecker. Ge?: Weissspecht ; Swed. Hvitrig- 



$ Above black ; frontal band creamy white ; entire crown 

 crimson, ear coverts brownish white with black above and 

 below ; lower back and quills barred and spotted white, some 

 white on median wing coverts ; rump white narrowly barred 

 black ; beneath white, flanks black streaked, and ventral region 

 pale crimson ; three outer pairs of tail feathers white, barred 

 black. Bill horn blue. Legs leaden grey. Iris hazel. Wing 

 140-148. Tarsus 25. Culmen 36-39 (H.). $ Size as ^ ; crimson 

 on crown replaced by black. 



Resident. — Scandinavia, Poland, E. Prussia, Bavaria, Bohemia 

 to Alps and Carpathians ; Russia (except south). Occurs occasion- 

 ally Tyrol and N. Italy ; rare in Denmark ; once recorded 

 Belgium. 



D. leucotus uralensis (Malherbe). Spots and bars on quills 

 much larger, rump uniform white. 



Resident. — N. and C. Ural Mountains, through Siberia to 

 Corea. 



