202 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



weh of inner primaries white. Bill black, orange at base. 

 Eye-rim, legs and feet orange. Wing- ^ 131-141, $ 127-137. 

 Tarsus 24-26. Bill 13-15. Young : brown where black in adult. 



Breeds. — Coasts of N. Europe east to White Sea; Spitzbergen, 

 Bear Island, Iceland, Faroes, British Isles, Holland, Belgium, 

 Germany, Poland, Austria, Hungary, S. France, N. Italy, N. 

 Sardinia, Spain and Portugal (rare), Russia (rivers). Largely 

 migratory ; occurs Rumania, Bulgaria, Malta on passage. Winters 

 Africa south to Cape Colony but also in Mediterranean Basin, 

 Azores, Madeira, and W. European Coasts north to Britain. 



C. hiaticula tundrae (Lowe). Generally smaller and shorter 

 winged. Wing 1 17-132. Upper parts somewhat darker. 



Breeds. — N.E. Russia, Archangel to Petchora, and also W. 

 Siberia ; possibly Nova Zembla, Waigatz and Kolguev. Winter 

 visitors to E. Mediterranean, Egypt, and E. Africa are chiefly of 

 this race, but it also comes westward and occurs Norway and 

 Britain on passage and in winter. 



Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte. 



(J $ Closely resemble "hiaticula" but differ as follows: 

 smaller, bill shorter and comparatively thicker ; more white on 

 shaft of I St primary ; a small but distinct web between inner and 

 middle toes. Wing 122-135 (H.). 



An American species ; has occurred once in England. 



Charadrius dubius curonicus Gmelin. Little Ringed 

 Plover. Fr. Petit Pluvier a collier ; Ger. Flussregenpfeifer ; 

 Jfa/. Corriere piccolo ; Swed. Mindre Strandpipare. 



Smaller than "hiaticula" and without white patch on outer 

 webs of inner primaries ; shaft of ist primary white at all ages, of 

 other primaries brown. Bill slender, black with a yellow spot at 

 base below. Eye-rim yellow. Legs and feet yellow. Wing 

 (^ $ 109-119, Tarsus 24-25. Bill 12-14. 



Breeds. — Continental Europe from 62'' in Sweden, bf in 

 Finland, and 64° in Russia south to Mediterranean, Black Sea and 

 Caucasus ; Mediterranean Islands ; N. Africa (Egypt to Morocco) ; 

 also widely in Asia. Migrates ; occurs in winter in tropical Africa 

 and Asia. Rare visitor to British Isles, Madeira, Azores, Canaries. 



The typical form " C. d. dubius" is E. Asiatic. 



