ANSERES— ANATID.^^: 213 



brown ; upper parts light brown with dark streaks, wing coverts 

 white with dark brown apical spots ; lioneath wliite with narrow 

 brown shaft streaks, under carpal coverts and axillaries rosy ; 

 white is gradually acquired with age. IJill lead colour. Legs 

 and feet leaden brown. Iris brown. 



Breeds. — S. Spain, S. France (Camargue, where some winter), 

 and W. Asia as far as India. Migrates ; found in N.W. Africa at all 

 seasons, not breeding ; Egypt in winter, also Greece, Italy, Sardinia, 

 and Corsica ; elsewhere in Europe rare visitor, very rare Britain. 



The typical race " P. r, ruber" is American. 



ANSERES. 



Toes 4 in number, fully webbed always in front 3 ; 

 bill, at tip a horny plate (nail), edges of mandibles 

 with rows of fine lamellae; under the feathers a rich 

 covering of down ; eggs unspotted. 



ANATIDiE. 



Characters as in Order "Anseres." 



Cygnus. 



Neck long, equal to or longer than body; tarsus short, 

 reticulated, hind toe not lobed. 



Cygnus cygnus (L.). Whooper Swan. Fr. Cygne 

 sauvage ; Gcr. Singschwan ; Ital. Cigno selvatico ; Swed. 

 Sangsvan. 



^ $ Entirely white. Bill in front black, base yellow ; 

 yellow extending forward at sides to below middle of nares. 

 Lores yellow. Legs and feet black. Iris brown. Wing ^ 

 580-628, <J 562-595. Tarsus 1 12-120. Bill $ 101-112, ? 94-103 (W.). 

 Young : ashy brown ; bill and legs flesh coloured. 



Breeds. — Iceland ; N. Europe, chiefly within Arctic Circle, but 

 in Russia south to about 53° on Volga ; Oesel ((iulf of Riga), and 

 across N. Siberia. Migrates ; some are resident in Iceland ; 

 occurs in winter C. and S. Europe, British Isles, becoming rarer 

 in Mediterranean countries. Has recently nested in Scotland. 



