134 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



Phoenicurus erythrogaster erythrogaster (Giilden- 

 stiidt). 



^ Crown, nape, and wing patch white ; lores, face, throat, 

 chest, back and wings black ; underparts, tail coverts, and tail 

 chestnut. Bill, legs, and feet black. Wing 101-106. Tarsus 26. 

 Culmen 16-17-5 (H.). 9 Brown, tail coverts and tail paler 

 chestnut. 



Breeds. — Caucasus and Transcaucasia. 



Phoenicurus moussieri (Olphe-Galliard). 



$ Upper parts, frontal band, face and ear coverts black ; 

 bar on forecrown, supercilium, hind collar and wing patch 

 white ; rump, tail coverts, tail and underparts orange red ; 2nd 

 primary between 8th and 9th. Bill, legs and feet black. 5 

 Grey brown above, upper tail coverts and tail duller than in (^, 

 underparts varying brown to almost as red as (^, wing patch 

 rarely present. Wing ^ 65-70, 9 63-67. Tarsus 23-24. 

 Culmen 13-15 (H.). 



Reside?tt. — Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. Occurs Saharan 

 oases in winter ; once Heligoland. 



LUSCINIA. 



Tail slightly rounded, tarsus long. Frequent woods or 

 near woods ; nest near or on ground ; eggs greenish or bluish 

 brown, faintly spotted. 



Luscinia megarhyncha megarhyncha Brehm. 

 Nightingale. Fr. Rossignol ; Ge7\ Nachtigall ; Ital. Russig- 

 nuolo. 



$ $ Above olive brown, reddish on upper tail coverts and 

 tail ; beneath white or pale brown, especially on breast and 

 flanks, under tail coverts buff; ist primary about 2 m.m. beyond 

 coverts, 2nd between 5th and 6th, 3rd and 4th longest, 3rd and 

 4th emarginate. Bill dark brown, paler below at base. Legs 

 and feet brown. Wing $ 80-89, ? I'^-'^l- Tarsus 25-27. Bill 

 10-12. Tail 68-72. 



Breeds. — England, Continental Europe north to Denmark, 

 plains of Germany and Poland west of Vistula, Carpathians, 

 Hungary, S.W. Russia to Crimea ; Asia Minor, Palestine, 



