136 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



a chestnut one ; abdomen white, flanks greyish brown ; basal 

 half of tail chestnut ; distance from tip of -secondaries to tip 

 of wing ^ 10-16 m.m., ? 9-14 ; 2nd primary equal to 6th or 

 between 6th and 7th. Bill dark brown, paler at base below. 

 Legs and feet brown. Wing (^ 69-74, $ 65-74. Tarsus 25-28. 

 Bill 9-1 1. After autumn moult, throat is whitish with some blue 

 showing and breast bands are tipped with white. $ much the 

 same as ^ after autumn moult, but throat huffish with a dark 

 stripe on each side and across breast and occasional traces 

 of blue and rufous. 



Breeds. — N. Sweden, Lapland and N. Russia ; also tundras 

 of W. Siberia. Migrates across E. Europe and Transcaspia and 

 winters in Egypt and N.E. Africa ; very rare W. Europe. 



L. suecica gaetkei (Kleinschmidt). Larger. Wing more 

 pointed, distance from secondaries to wing tip, ^ 15-19, ? 14- 1 7- 

 Wing ^ 74-78, ? 70-73. 



Breeds. — Mountains of Norway. Occurs on passage British 

 Isles, Heligoland, Holland and W. Europe. 



L. suecica pallidogularis (Sarudny). Blue of throat paler 

 and also upper parts. Wing $ 71-75 (H.). 2nd primary between 

 6th and 7th, or 7th and 8th. 



Breeds. — E. Russia (Orenburg) and Transcaspia to Turkestan. 

 Winters in Egypt and India. 



L. suecica cyanecula (Wolf). W'hite-spotted Bluethroat. $ 

 Like " suecica " $ but blue of throat somewhat darker and central 

 spot is white ; sometimes white is obscured by blue tips, making 

 throat all blue. Wing $ 74-78, ? 72-74- Tarsus 25-27. Bill 

 10- 1 1. ? as $ "suecica." 



Breeds. — Denmark (rare), Holland (local), Belgium (rare), 

 N. and C. France, across Mid Europe to W. Russia. Occurs 

 on passage Rumania, Balkans (except Greece), Italy, Spain, 

 Egypt, and N.W. Africa ; has occurred Canaries. Rare visitor 

 to Britain, Malta, Sardinia, Corsica. 



L. suecica volgae (Kleinschmidt). ^ Central throat spot 

 smaller than in " cyanecula," variable in colour, generally white, 

 but sometimes red or mixed. 



Breeds. — S. Russia, Poltava to Lower Volga and north to 

 Sarpa R. ; also Transcaspia. Winters in Egypt. 



