PASSERES — PRUNRLLID.K 1.^0 



scapulars and quills with rufous marj^nns ; throat whito, tipped 

 dark y:;rcY ; upper breast brownish grey, abdomen lij,'hter, sides of 

 lower breast and Hanks chestnut with white edges, liill brownish 

 black, yellow at base below. Legs and feet red brown. Wing ^ 

 103-108, 9 95-103 (H.). Tarsus 23-27. P.ill 10-12. 



Breeds. — Alpine regions of C. and S. Europe, but not S.E. 

 Europe or Caucasus. Winters in plains and valleys. Rare visitor 

 to IJritain, Heligoland, Fjelgium. 



P. collaris subalpina (Brehm). Above grey without brown 

 tinge, chestnut beneath paler and more restricted to flanks. 



7>rf\v/j'.— Balkan Peninsula, Dalmatia and Bosnia to Greece 

 and Crete. 



P. collaris caucasica (Tschusi). Like "subalpina"' but redder 

 above, rump and upper tail coverts not striated, flanks as in 

 " collaris." 



Breeds. — Caucasus and Asia Minor. Occurs in winter S.W. 

 Persia. 



Prunella montanella (Pallas). 



^ 9 Crown and face black, back dark red brown, rump and tail 

 olive brown ; supercilium, throat and underparts dark ochreous buff 

 with black bases and purple brown streaks on flanks ; a grey spot 

 on sides of neck. Bill blackish brown. Legs and feet flesh colour. 

 Wing $ 75-78, 9 70-72. Tarsus 19-21. Culmen 13-5-15 (H.). 



Breeds. — Mountains of Central Asia and W. Siberia from 

 Urals eastwards. Occasional in Europe in Ural Mountains, and 

 on passage in Crimea ; has occurred Italy and Austria. 



Prunella atrigularis (Brandt). 



^ $ Upper parts ashy brown with dark stripes, head and 

 throat black, supercilium white, chest and flanks ochreous, 

 the latter striped brown, abdomen white. In autumn, black of 

 throat oliscured by ochreous tips. Bill dark horn. Legs and 

 feet brown. Wing ^ 72-75, 9 69-5-71.5 (H.). 



Breeds. — Central Asia. Occurs E. Russia (Orenburg) on 

 passage and in winter. 



Prunella modularis modularis (L.). Hedge-Sparrow. 

 Fr. .Mouchct ; Gcr. lieckcnbraunclle ; Ital. Passera scopaiola ; 

 Swed. Jernsparf. 



