PICI— PICID.E 163 



PlCOIDES. 



Only 3 iot^. Colour black and white ; yellow on crown 

 in male. 



Picoides tridactylus tridactylus (L.). Three-toed 

 Woodpecker. Ger. Dreizehenspecht ; SiuaL Tetniiga Hack- 

 spetten. 



^ Above black, feathers of crown with white tips, centre of 

 crown bright yellow ; line down back from nape to rump pure 

 white ; upper tail coverts black with a few white spots ; sides 

 of head and nape black ; a white line behind and beneath the 

 eye ; underparts white streaked on sides of breast and barred 

 on flanks and under tail coverts with black. Bill above blue 

 grey with black tip, below pale horn. Legs and feet dark grey. 

 Iris whitish (brown in young). Wing ^ $ 120-129 (H.). Tarsus 

 23. Bill 20-24. ? lacks yellow on crown. 



Breeds. — Scandinavia, Finland, Baltic Provinces, N. Russia, 

 chietly north of 6/^" ; and across S. Siberia. Largely resident. In 

 Volga district, Poland and Germany occasional in winter. 



P. tridactylus crissoleucus (Reichenbach). Whiter generally ; 

 white line on back broader and spots on upper tail coverts larger. 



Breeds. — Yxom Urals across W. Siberia. Occurs Russia to 

 Moscow in winter. 



P. tridactylus alpinus Brehm. Bill more slender ; back 

 white barred with black ; entire abdomen and sides of breast 

 with heavier black streaks and bars. 



Resident. — Alpine districts Savoy, Switzerland, Bavaria, Austria, 

 Italy and Carpathians to Rumania, Bosnia and Herzegovina. 



Dryocopus. 



Neck narrow and thinly feathered ; 4 toed ; outer fore 

 and hind toes aljout ecjual in length. 



Dryocopus martins martius (L.). Black Woodpecker. 

 hr. Pic noir ; Kal. I'icchio ncro ; Ger. Schwarzspecht. 



^ Slaty black above, somewhat glossy on head, sides of 

 neck, and wings ; crown red-crimson narrowing to a crest on 



