164 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



the nape ; beneath brownish. Bill yellowish white, bluish at 

 base and below. Legs and feet dark grey. ? duller than ^ 

 and only nape crimson. Wing (^ $ 235-258. Tarsus 35. 

 Culmen 58-66 (H.). 



Resident. — N. and C. Europe from Arctic Circle south to 

 Pyrenees and Mountains of N. Spain, Italy, Bulgaria and 

 Greece ; all Russia east to Ufa and Volga River, south 

 to Caucasus ; also across N. Asia and in Asia Minor. Rare 

 in Denmark, Holland, Belgium. 



Jynx. 



Bill and tongue much as in Woodpeckers, but tail soft 

 and not used as a support in climbing ; nest in holes in 

 decayed trees ; eggs w^hite. 



Jynx torquilla torquilla (L.). Wryneck. Fr. Torcol ; 

 Ger. Wendehals ; Siued. Goktika. 



^ 9 Above grey brown, vermiculated, striped and spotted 

 with deep brown and rufous ; beneath, throat an^ chest 

 yellowish buff barred brown, abdomen white with dark 

 brown arrow-shaped spots ; quills barred rufous. Bill dull 

 brown. Legs and feet yellowish brown. Wing 85-92. Tarsus 

 19-21. Bill 12-13. 



Breeds. — British Isles ; Continental Europe to about 64'' in 

 Scandinavia and Russia, south to Spain, N. Italy, Balkan 

 Peninsula and Caucasus ; also Asia Minor and W. Siberia. 

 Migrates ; occurs on passage Greece, Egypt, and N.W. Africa. 

 Winters tropical Africa and India, but a few in Mediterranean 

 region. 



J. torquilla tschusii Kleinschmidt, Darker and smaller than 

 "torquilla." Wing 82-85. Tarsus 18. 



Breeds. — Italy, Dalmatia, Sardinia, Corsica, also S.E. France 

 (Aries). Apparently resident. 



J. torquilla inauretanica Rothschild. Still darker and 

 smaller. Wing 76-82-5 (H.), with but little rufous and abdomen 

 less white and more coarsely spotted. 



Resident.— V^. Algeria. 



