168 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



Jan Maycn, Nova Zcmbla, Spilzbcrgcn, Waigatz. Wanders south 

 in winter to British Isles, France and Switzerland in W. Europe, 

 and S. Russia to Black and Caspian Seas in east ; in Asia south 

 to Japan and in America to north United States. 



Bubo. 



Large size ; long ear tufts ; tarsus and sometimes toes 

 feathered; chiefly nocturnal ; generally nest on rocks, some- 

 times in ruins or on ground, occasionally in hollow trees 

 or old nests. 



Bubo Ibubo bubo (L.). Eagle Owl. F7: Grand due ; 

 Ge7'. Uhu ; Ital. Gufo reale ; Swcd. Bergaf. 



^ ? Above pale rufous, thickly marked and freckled with 

 black ; feathers on hind neck rufous with broad black central 

 streaks ; beneath, breast rufous with broad black central streaks, 

 abdomen with close wavy bars and narrow black central 

 streaks, centre of throat downy white ; toes (except last joints) 

 feathered. Iris orange. Bill and claws black. Wing $ 430-465, 

 9 465-490 (H.). Tarsus about 60. Bill about 20. 



Resident. — Continental Europe from about Arctic Circle south 

 to Pyrenees, Italy and Greece. Irregular in Denmark; occasional 

 visitor Britain. 



B. bubo hispanus Rothschild and Hartert. Rufous colour 

 much paler than in typical form, Wing 440-470 (H.). 

 Resident. — Spain. Has occurred once in Algeria. 



B. bubo ruthenus Buturlin and Zhitkow. Intermediate between 

 typical form and the very pale " B. bubo sibiricus" ; rufous paler 

 as in "hispanus" but black streaks darker and underparts whiter. 



Reside?if. — S.E. Russia north to Central and Volga districts 

 and Orenburg ; Caucasus and Asia Minor. 



B. bubo sibiricus (Schlegel and Susemihl). A pale race in 

 which rufous is mostly replaced by white, the long streaks on 

 breast are narrower and feathering of tarsus and feet is very 

 dense. Wing 450-515 (H.). ' 



Resident. — N. Ural Mountains and W. Siberia ; occurs in 

 winter south to Orenburg and N. Caspian district. 



