204 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



Bill higher than broad ; nares round ; head and throat 

 covered with down, neck naked at sides and back ; nest in 

 tree ; eggs white marked with red. 



-^gypius monachus (L.)- Black Vulture. Ge?-. 

 Monchsgeier ; Ifal. Avvoltoio. 



(^ 9 Dark brown ; down on head and throat brownish 

 white ; naked neck livid blue ; round neck a ruff of long pale 

 brown feathers. Bill dark horn, paler below. Cere bluish. 

 Legs and feet pearly white. Iris hazel. Wing 760-840. Tarsus 

 130. Bill from cere to tip 61-67 (H.). 



Reside?!/. — Spain and Portugal, N. Morocco, Sardinia, Sicily, 

 S.E. Europe from Austria and Hungary to Balkans ; Crimea, 

 Caucasus and north to Orenburg ; Egypt ; and widely in Asia. 



Otogyps. 



Nostrils oval, perpendicular; head and neck with little 

 down. 



Otogyps auricularis (Daudin). 



$ $ General colour brown ; head and neck nearly naked, 

 bluish grey to dull reddish violet ; on the chin some long black 

 hairs ; beneath feathers of underparts is a thick white down, 

 becoming brown on thighs ; on lower neck a frill of lanceolate 

 brown feathers with paler margins ; these extend down centre of 

 breast. Bill blackish horn. Cere slaty grey. Legs and feet blue 

 grey. Iris dark brown. Wing 750-790. Tarsus 130. Bill from 

 cere 70-74 (H.). 



An African species, whose range extends to Lower Egypt. 



GRESSORES. 



Storks, Herons, Ibises, Spoonbills. Hind toe 

 always present and comparatively long ; toes more or 

 less connected at base ; oil-gland feathered. Nestling; 

 helpless, thickly covered with down. 



