I'll BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



Breeds. — Faroes, Iceland. Greenland, Spitzbergen, Norway, 

 Finmark south to about 63'. Sweden Jemtland., N. Russia and 

 most of Arctic Islands, and in Siberia and Arctic America. 

 Migrates, but many remain in north. Winters in British Isles, 

 Denmark, Holland, Germany, Hungary, France, Asia Minor 

 (rare), Spain and Portugal not common). Has occurred in 

 Morocco and Azores ; on American Coast winters south to 

 Florida. 



El&EUITBTSS. 



Like "Tringa" but front toes united by web almost 

 to middle, 



Sreunetes pusiUus pusillus. Semi-Palmated Sand- 

 piper. 



f* 2 Above greyish brown, with black centres to feathers 

 and some chestnut margins ; underparts white, spotted dark 

 brown on throat and sides of breast. BiU black. Legs and 

 feet slate colour, ^^"ing ^ 91-995 2 95-101. Tarsus 19-5-21. 

 BiU r" 1^22, 2 18-23 '^^' 



Breeds. — Arctic America, Winters from S. United States to 

 Patagonia- Has occurred once in England. 



Machetes. 

 Bill in both sexes covered at base with short feathers. 

 Male develops nifif in breeding plumage, and forehead, lores, 

 and sides of head become featherless and covered with warty 

 excrescences. 



Machetes pugnax .L.'. ^ Ruff, 2 Reeve. />. Com- 

 battant ; Ger. Kampfhahn ; Ital. Combattente ; Sn'cd. Brushane. 



r^ adult- Above dark brown with paler rufous margins ; 

 beneath, foreneck and breast grey brown with half-concealed dark 

 markings (sometimes entire underparts grey brown), abdomen 

 and chin white, axillaries white, (In breeding season the face is 

 bare and covered with yellow tubercles ; and there is a tuft of 

 coloured feathers on either side of head and a large ruff on the 

 neck and upper breast (May and June), colours variable, hardly 

 two alike.) 2 resembles ^ but more mottled with black 

 feathers above. Bill blackish brown, flesh coloured at base. 



