LIMICOL.E— CHARADRIID/E 277 



coverts distinguish it at all ages. Wing 142-150. Tarsus 33-37. 

 Bill.<^ 55-57, ? 57-61 (H.). 



A North American bird ; occasional in W. Europe, has 

 occurred in British Isles, France and Denmark. 



Tot ANUS. 



Waders ; outer and middle toes united by web at base 

 (inner and middle also in Redshank); bill hard, long, and 

 straight (occasionally slightly bent upwards); wing long and 

 pointed; frequent sea-coasts on passage and in winter; breed 

 inland, nest (with few exceptions) on ground, usually near 

 water ; eggs 4, variable, greenish, ochreous buff or dull stone 

 grey blotched with pale purplish grey and brown of various 

 shades. 



Tetanus fuscus (L.). Dusky Redshank. Fr. Chevalier 

 brun ; Ger. Dunkler Wasserliiufer ; Ital. Gambetta fosca ; Si^'cd. 

 Svartsnappa. 



$ $ summer. Sooty black, spotted and barred white on upper 

 parts, eyelids white, lower back and rump white, secondaries 

 white, barred grey ; beneath more or less barred and mottled 

 white, tail and tail coverts (above and below) barred white, under 

 wing coverts and axillaries white. In winter : above grey brown, 

 wing with white margins ; beneath white, greyish on foreneck. Bill 

 black, reddish at base below. Legs and feet dark purple red 

 (summer), more orange red (winter). Wing 152-167. Tarsus 

 55-60. Bill 54-60. Young : above darker than winter adult, 

 underparts grey brown barred and mottled white. 



Breeds. — N. Europe, chiefly above Arctic Circle, but in Russia 

 south to about Moscow ; also across N. Asia. Occurs on 

 passage over Europe, but rare in Britain. Winters in S. Europe 

 and Asia, and Africa south to Cape. 



Totanus to tanus tetanus L.). Redshank. />. Chevalier 

 Garnbette ; Go: Rotschenkel ; Ital. Pettegola ; SiL'cd. Rodbent- 

 snappa. 



$ 9 summer. Above brown with dark shaft streaks and 

 some bars ; lower back and rump white, secondaries white ; 

 tail white barred brown ; beneath, white spotted and streaked 



