224 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



Spatula. 



Bill longer than head, very ftat in front and much widened ; 

 lamellae very fine. 



Spatula clypeata (L.)- Shoveler. Fr. Souchet ; Ger. 

 Loffelente ; Ital. Mestolone ; Swed. Skedand. 



^ Head and neck green, back brown, wing coverts grey 

 blue, lower series with white tips, scapulars white, speculum 

 green, breast white, abdomen chestnut. $ Above brown with 

 pale or rufous margins ; beneath deep buff spotted. Bill ^ 

 leaden black, $ greenish brown above, dull orange below. 

 Legs and feet orange red. Iris $ orange, $ yellow. Young : 

 brown. Wing $ 227-253, $ 216-235. Tarsus 34-38. Bill ^ 

 62-65, ? 58-62. 



Breeds. — From Arctic Circle in Scandinavia, Lapland, and 

 N. Russia south to British Isles, Denmark, Holland, France, 

 N. Austria, Hungary, and Bulgaria, in Russia south to Perm ; 

 also across Asia and North America ; has bred in S. Spain, 

 Tunisia and Cyprus. Migrates ; occurs in winter in Mediter- 

 ranean Basin, Egypt, tropical Africa and S. Asia to China 

 and Japan ; in America south to W. Indies and C. America. 



Nbtta. 

 Hind toe lobed, as in all Diving Ducks; bill narrower 

 in front than behind, edge of feathering on sides of bill 

 forming almost a straight line; tail 16 feathers. 



Netta rufina (Pallas). Red-crested Pochard. Ger. 

 Kolbenente ; Ital. Fistione turco. 



(J Crown (crested) and nape yellowish cinnamon, lower face 

 and throat vinous chestnut ; back and scapulars brown, latter 

 with white bases ; carpal edge of wing, speculum, under wing 

 coverts and flanks white ; hind neck and breast black, abdomen 

 brown. Bill vermilion red. Legs and feet orange red. Iris 

 reddish brown. 9 1-ight brown, paler beneath, crest smaller, 

 speculum greyish white with dark tips. Bill reddish brown. 

 Legs and feet pinkish. Iris hazel. Wing ^ 256-278, $ 249-269. 

 Tarsus 40-43- Bill ^ 48-52, $ 44-50 (W.). 



