ANSERES— ANATID/K 229 



Breeds. — Circumpolar ; Spitzberjien, Jan Maycn, Nova Zcmbla, 

 \Vaii,^ilz, Kolj^ucv, Iceland, Faroes, Shetland and Orkney Islands 

 (doubtful), Norway south to about 60", Sweden, Lapland, N. 

 Russia south to L. Onega, and across Arctic Asia and America to 

 Greenland. Migrates; occurs Finland and C. Russia on passage; 

 occurs in winter British Isles, G. Europe south to S. France, N. 

 Italy, Danube mouth and Caspian Sea ; in America south to Gentral 

 United States and Galifornia ; in Asia to China and Japan. 



OlDEMIA. 



Bill broad, swollen at base in adult $ and flattening 

 gradually towards point. Eggs brownish. 



Oidemia nigra nigra (L.). Common Scoter. Fr. 

 Macreuse ; Ger. Trauerente ; Ital. Orchetto marino ; SiL<cd. 

 Sjoorre. 



^ Black ; tail 16 feathers ; ist primary very short, about 

 half length of coverts, 2nd shorter than 3rd and emarginate on 

 inner web from about the middle. Bill with tubercle bluish black, 

 on upper part a large yellow patch which includes the nostrils and 

 reaches to about 10 m.m. from tip. Legs and feet dark slaty 

 brown. $ Brown, sides of head pale brown or whitish. Bill dull 

 black. Wing c? 223-235, 9 220-229. Tarsus 41-45. Bill 40-45. 



Breeds. — Spitzbcrgen (few), Iceland, Scotland and Ireland 

 (small numbers), N. Europe from G. and N. Norway and Sweden, 

 east to N. Russia ; Waigatz, Nova Zembla ; and in Siberia east 

 to Taimyr Peninsula. Migrates ; in winter common on North 

 Sea and British Coasts, less so in Baltic ; also passes through 

 G. Europe to Black and Caspian Seas, Hungary, Rumania, N. 

 Italy and W. Europe south to Spain and W. Morocco ; rare in 

 Madeira, Canary Islands, Azores. 



Oidemia fusca fusca (L.). Velvet Scoter. Fr. C.rande 

 Macreuse ; Ger. Sammetente ; Ital. Oreo marino ; Sioed. Svarta. 



^ Black, with a white patch under eye, and white bar 

 across wing ; tail 14 feathers ; ist primary short, more than 

 half length of coverts, 2nd longest and not emarginate on inner 

 web, 3rd usually a little shorter. Bill orange yellow, base and 

 tubercle black, nail flesh colour. Legs and feet red, webs dusky 



