234 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



back to tail .qrey ; serondarics, wing coverts, lower neck and 

 underparts white with salmon tinge ; tail feathers i8. 1-jill 

 vermilion, nail and ridge of upper mandible blackish. Legs 

 and feet yellowish red, webs lighter. $ Above slaty grey, 

 crown (crested) brown, upper neck and sides of head 

 chestnut. Bill dull red. Legs and feet duller than in $ . Wing 

 S 272-290, ? 255-262. Tarsus S 50-53, ? 45-46. Bill S 55-63, 

 ? 48-52. 



Breeds. — Iceland, Faroes (rare), Norway, Sweden, Lapland, 

 Finland, Russia south to Baltic Provinces and C. Volga, 

 N. Germany, Denmark (few), Scotland, Switzerland (local), 

 Dobrudscha (occasional), also in N. Asia. Partly migratory ; 

 occurs in winter south to Spain and Morocco in west ; occasional 

 Algeria and Egypt ; numerous north Coast Mediterranean, Black 

 and Caspian Seas ; also Palestine, Persian Gulf, and further 

 east in Asia. 



Mergus serrator L. Red-breasted Merganser. F?; 

 Harle huppe ; Ge?'. Mittlerersager ; Ifal. Smergo minore ; Swed. 

 Smaskrake. 



$ Crown (crested) and neck greenish black, collar white, 

 back and scapulars black ; rump and flanks vermiculated black 

 and white ; wing coverts and secondaries white ; underparts 

 white, chest reddish buff mottled brown, patch on sides of 

 breast with large white oval spots; tail feathers 18. Iris 

 reddish yellow to light red. Bill carmine, ridge above and 

 nail black. Legs and feet light red. $ Crown and crest 

 reddish brown, sides of head and the neck more chestnut ; 

 upper parts grey brown, greater coverts and outer secondaries 

 white ; underparts white. Bill, legs, feet, and iris duller than 

 in $. Wing $ 238-257, ? 218-236. Tarsus $ 43-48, ? 40-45. 

 Bill S 57-63, ? 52-58. 



Breeds. — Circumpolar ; in Europe, in Iceland, Norway, 

 Sweden, Denmark, Lapland, Finland, Russia south to Baltic 

 Provinces, 50° on Volga and N. Ufa, Caucasus, N. Germany, 

 Switzerland (local), Faroes, Scotland, Ireland ; also in N. Asia 

 and N. America. Occurs in winter in British Isles, and Conti- 

 nental Europe from Holland to Poland south to Mediterranean ; 

 Azores, Madeira, Tunisia, Egypt (doubtful), Palestine and 

 S. Asia to Japan ; also America to California and W. Indies. 



