STKOANOI'ODKS rELErANFDK 237 



Bill black, yellow at base below. Legs and feet including webs 

 black. Iris green. Wing 260-282. Tarsus 58-62. Bill 57-63. 

 Young : above brown tinged green ; beneath light to whiiiih 

 brown, throat white. Full plumage is attained in fourth year. 



Resident. — Coasts of Norway to P'inmark, Russian Lapland, 

 Iceland, Faroes, British Isles, W. France, W. Spain and \V. 

 Portugal. In winter occurs on E. Coast of North Sea. 



P. graculus desmaresti (Payraudeau). Bill longer and more 

 slender, crest smaller or almost absent ; webs yellow, in very old 

 birds brown. Wing ^ 270-280, $ 245-256. Bill 66-71 (H.). 



Residettt. — Mediterranean Coasts of France and Spain, Italy, 

 Corsica, Sardinia, Adriatic, Greece, Asia Minor and Cyprus. Rare 

 on Algerian and N. Moroccan Coasts. 



The status of the Shag breeding on W. Coast of Morocco is 

 still doubtful. 



Phalacrocorax pygmaeus (Pallas). Pigmy Cormorant. 

 Ger. Zwergscharbe ; Ital. Marangone minore. 



^ 9 summer, (ilossy greenish black with long white spots ; 

 middle of back, scapulars, wing coverts and inner secondaries 

 grey with dark margins ; head reddish brown. Bill, skin round 

 eye and on throat, legs, and feet black. After the breeding 

 season throat is white, breast reddish, and white spots are 

 absent. Wing 200-207. Tarsus 36. Bill 28-31 (H.). 



Breeds. — Hungary, Balkan Peninsula, Black Sea, Lower 

 Volga, Egypt, Algeria (L. Fetzara), and in S.W. Asia. Partly 

 migratory ; occurs in winter in Greece, Palestine, Egypt and N.W. 

 Africa. Has occurred occasionally in Europe outside its breeding 

 range and Greece, e.i^. Russia, Germany, Poland, Switzerland 

 and Italy. 



PBLBCANID-ffi. 



Characters as in genus " Pelecanus." 



Pelecanus. 

 Bill peculiar, lower mandible much witler than upper and 

 with a large pouch ; frequent lakes, rivers, coasts ; feed on 

 fish ; nest on small islands or platform of reeds in lagoons 

 or lakes; eggs 23, chalky white. 



