238 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



Pelecanus onocrotalus onocrotalus L. Roseate 

 Pelican. Fr. Pelican blanc ; Gcr. Pelikan ; Ital. Pellicano. 



^ 5 White (rosy tinged in fresh plumage) ; short nuchal 

 crest (in breeding season) and tuft on chest yellowish ; primaries 

 black, shafts white. Iris red. Bill bluish grey with pink lines, 

 throat-pouch yellow, face and sides of frontal protuberance 

 yellowish. Feathers of forehead end in a point at base of culmen. 

 Legs and feet pink. Wing $ 700-730, $ 640-680. Tarsus 

 130-140. Bill ^ 430-450, $ 290-400 (H.). Young: chocolate 

 brown ; in first summer white, spangled brown. 



Breeds. — Lower Danube, Dobrudscha, Black and Caspian Seas, 

 Sea of Azov ; also in W. Asia, and possibly in E. African lakes. 

 Occurs on Croatian littoral on passage, and in winter in 

 Macedonia, Greece, Egypt, and Africa south to Zambesi and 

 S.W. Asia to India. Has occurred casually in central Europe 

 to E. Prussia and also in Spain, Algeria, and Scandinavia ; 

 much more frequently in Austria and regularly in Hungary. 



Pelecanus crispus Bruch. Dalmatian Pelican. 



^ $ Above greyish white, soft feathers on neck forming a 

 mane ; primaries black with black shafts ; beneath dull white with a 

 patch of yellow feathers on breast ; feathers on forehead terminate 

 in a concave line at base of bill. Iris greyish. Bill blue grey with 

 red markings at side, pouch yellow ; bare space round eye flesh 

 coloured. Legs and feet leaden grey. Wing $ 720-800, ^ 680-720. 

 Tarsus 116-122. Bill $ 400-450, $ 360-380 (H.). 



Breeds. — Rumania (on Danube and Delta), N. Bulgaria, 

 Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Sea of Azov, Volga Delta and 

 E. Russia to Ufa and Kazan ; also W. and C. i\sia. Of occasional 

 occurrence in spring in Hungary ; winters in Egypt and S.W. 

 i\sia to India. Rare visitor Germany, Italy, Sicily, Spain. 



SULID^. 



Bill straight, long and pointed \ no gular pouch ; oceanic, 

 feeding on fish caught by plunging; nesting in colonies on 

 cliffs and islands; eggs white with rough chalky covering. 



SULA. 



Tail 12 feathers. 



