174 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



SURNIA. 



Of Hawk-like habits ; mostly diurnal ; tail long and 

 graduated ; tarsus and toes feathered ; no ear tufts ; nest 

 in holes in trees. 



Surnia Ulula ulula (L.). Hawk Owl. Ger. Sperbereule ; 

 Swed. Hokuggla. 



$ $ Above umber (blackish on hind neck), spotted on 

 crown, and irregularly barred on upper parts with white ; 

 scapulars very white ; quills with white spots on margins of both 

 webs ; tail with 7 or 8 white bars ; beneath white barred with 

 dark brown ; disc dull white, chin dark brown ; a black band 

 behind ear coverts extending down sides of neck ; legs and toes 

 thickly feathered. Bill light yellow. Soles yellow. Iris bright 

 yellow. Wing 231-243 (H.). Tarsus 20-30. Bill 14-15. 



Resident. — Norway, N. Sweden, Lapland, Finland, and 

 Russia from about 55° to 68° N. In winter moves south as far 

 as S. Urals and E. Germany ; occasionally to Austria and 

 Hungary ; rare in W. Europe, has occurred several times in 

 Britain. 



S. ulula pallasi Buturlin. Brown colour paler throughout. 

 A Siberian race ; occurs at Orenburg in winter. 



S. ulula caparoch (Miiller). Bars on underparts broader and 

 often very rufous, crown feathers with much less white. 

 An American form ; has occurred four times in Britain. 



Strix. 



Legs and toes feathered ] no ear tufts ; ear openings large 

 and asymmetrical (right larger than left), and with a large 

 operculum. 



Strix nebulosa lapponica Thunberg. Lapland Owl. 

 Swed. Lappuggla. 



^ $ Above white, mottled and freckled with brown (which 

 predominates), scapulars whiter ; facial disc prominent, grey 

 barred brown, eye partly surrounded by black ; beneath white 

 broadly streaked with brown, middle of chin and throat black. 



