ACCIPITUES— FAL(()MD.1^: 179 



rufous bars ; primaries with complete reddish white bars on 

 inner webs ; beneath buff, chest with dark shaft stripes, rest of 

 underparts witli large black spots ; tail barred and tipped reddish 

 buff. Cere, naked patch round eye, legs and feet yellow. Bill 

 bluish with yellow base and black tip. Iris dark brown. Wing 

 c^ 314-325, $ 355-373 (H.). 9 generally darker above. Young: 

 above dark grey brown with or without rufous margins, generally 

 browner on crown and nape ; tail with reddish buff bars or spots 

 on inner or both webs of all feathers except central pair; beneath 

 buff streaked with long hastate brown marks, or brown with buff 

 margins ; some have much chestnut on under wing coverts and 

 axillaries. 



Resident. — Egypt and Nubia to Persian Gulf. 



P. biarmicus erlangeri. Smaller and not so dark above. 

 Wing $ 308-324, ? 330-359 (H.). Tarsus 45-52. Bill 18-19. 



Resident. — Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, specially south slopes of 

 Atlas and deserts to south ; local and rare in S. Spain. 



P. biarmicus feldeggi Schlegel. 



^ Crown and nape vinous buff broadly streaked and there- 

 fore much darker than in " erlangeri " ; above dark brown barred 

 greyish buff; rictal stripe narrow ; beneath white generally tinged 

 buff, chin pure white, breast and centre of abdomen with dark 

 brown heart-shaped drops, flanks and thighs barred dark brown ; 

 black bars on quills reaching to inner margin ; darker generally 

 and more uniformly streaked than " tanypterus." Wing ^ 308- 

 327, ? 345-357? one 373 (H.). Young : above dark brown, 

 spotted buff on centre of each web ; central tail feathers 

 unbarred ; underparts broadly striated. 



Breeds.—S. and C. Italy, rare in north, Herzegovina, Albania 

 and Greece to Bulgaria. Chiefly resident. 



The typical race " F. b. biarmicus" is S. African. All Lanners 

 have ist primary abruptly eniarginated on inner web before the 

 tip and the 2nd narrowed at tip ; this is sometimes indistinct in 

 young. 



Palco cherrug cherrug (.ray. Saker Falcon. 



^ Above brown with reddish buff margins, crown and nape 

 white, generally with rufous buff tinge and streaked dark brown ; 

 quills white on inner web, with irregular and incomplete dark bars 



