188 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



7tli jirimary more than 60 m.m. shorter than longest, outer web 

 slightly cmarginate. Iris dark yellow with fine brown points. 

 Bill bluish black. Cere, legs and feet yellow. Wing ^ 455-490, 

 ? 460-510. Tarsus 90-100. Rill $ 27-33, ? 29-34 (W.). Young: 

 above dark brown, with purple gloss, paler on lesser wing coverts, 

 feathers with small or in some large apical spots of white or 

 buff, the feathers of head with fulvous tips, and on nape often a 

 large fulvous patch ; beneath dark brown with fulvous or buff 

 central streaks. 



Breeds. — From Baltic Provinces and N. Germany through 

 Poland and W. Russia, Austria and Hungary to Balkans and 

 Greece ; also in Caucasus and Asia Minor. Migrates ; rarely 

 visits W. Europe ; occurs in winter in S.E. Russia, parts of 

 S.E. Europe, and also B.E. Africa and Soudan. 



HiERABTUS. 



Nostrils long and oval ; legs very long ; tarsi feathered to 

 toes which are large and stout ; claws very large, strong, and 

 curved; of powerful flight, hunting like Falcons and Hawks; 

 nest in cliffs or trees ; eggs two, bluish white, slightly marked 

 rufous. 



Hieraetus fasciatus fasciatus (Vieillot). Bonelli's 

 Eagle. F?-. Aigle a queue barree ; Ge7'. Habichtsadler ; Ital. 

 Aquila del Bonelli. 



$ ? Above brown, feathers white at bases ; beneath white 

 with narrow dark shaft streaks broadening to a long drop ; under 

 wing coverts black and white ; tail dull grey with faint black 

 bars and terminal band. Bill blue grey, tip darker. Toes 

 yellowish. Iris orange to dark yellow. Wing ^ 460-490, 

 ? 500-550. Tarsus 92-97. Bill 27-35. Middle toe with claw 

 65. Young : paler brown, reddish on head ; beneath (including 

 under wing coverts and axillaries) reddish buff to red brown with 

 black shaft streaks except on abdomen and under tail coverts and 

 generally thighs. 



Resident.— S. France, Spain, Portugal, N.W. Africa, Sardinia, 

 Corsica, Sicily, Greece to Rumania, Egypt and Nubia, Asia 

 Minor and S.W. Asia to India and China. 



