190 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



brown to yellowish white, in young brown. Wing $ 375-400, 

 $375-410. Tail 190-210. Tarsus 70-76. Bill 24-26. 



Breeds. — Great Britain ; Continental Europe from about 65° 

 to Mediterranean, west of a line from Baltic Provinces and 

 Poland, Carpathians, and west of Balkan Peninsula. Chiefly 

 resident. Rare in Egypt and Asia Minor ; occurs occasionally 

 N.W. Africa ; rare Ireland, recently exterminated there as a 

 resident. 



B. buteo arrigonii Picchi. Smaller than "buteo"; plumage 

 shows much rufous on upper parts and underparts are deep buff 

 striped with long drop-like markings, flanks brown ; is closer 

 to " zimmermannje " but with much less red on tail. Wing 

 346-385 (H.). 



Resident — Sardinia and Corsica. 



B. buteo insularum Floericke. Smaller than "buteo," and 

 rarely shows any rufous margins to upper parts, even in young ; 

 tail much redder than ever the case in "arrigonii." Wing ^ 345- 

 360, ? 370-384 (H.). 



Resident. — Canary Islands. 



B. buteo zimmermannae Ehmcke. Adults generally have 

 more rufous on upper parts than in "buteo," and also on under- 

 parts and tail, and under tail coverts are generally distinctly 

 barred with red brown, approaching " B. b. vulpinus." 



Breeds. — N. and C. Russia, Baltic Provinces, E. Germany, 

 Rumania, and E. Balkans. Partly migratory ; has occurred in 

 E. Africa in winter. Many birds from this breeding range are 

 indistinguishable from typical "buteo." 



B. buteo vulpinus Gloger. ("Buteo desertorum" of authors.) 

 A very red form especially on underparts, which are uniform dark 

 rufous or mottled with white ; tail very rufous but rarely losing 

 altogether traces of barring as so often is the case in "B. ferox" ; 

 under wing coverts and axillaries rufous ; in another phase, not 

 apparently confined to youth, underparts are white with long red 

 brown spots or streaks. 



Breeds. — S.E. Russia from Volga to Caucasus and in W. 

 Siberia to C. Asia ; Asia Minor. Occurs Egypt and Balkans 

 on passage ; winters in C. and S. Africa and India ; rare in 

 W. Europe, once occurred England. 



