I- \Hi-r\nin.T: 295 



nrrrtfa. I'litisli Isles north to Shrllands ; Azores, M.uloira, 

 Canaries; Conlincnlal Europe from N. Cape (but only rarely 

 above Arctic Circle) to Mediterranean, lilack and Caspian Seas ; 

 N.W. Africa, Palestine, Asia Minor and throui^h Asia to Mongolia ; 

 also widely in N. America. Migrates ; winters in Africa south to 

 Cape, S. Asia, and in America south to north shores of S. America. 



Sterna paradisaea Briinnich. Arctic Tern, Fr. 

 Hirondelle de mcr paradis ; Ger. Kiistenseeschwalbe ; Ital. 

 Rondine di marc coda lunL,^a ; S7ved. Rodniibbad Tiirna. 



(^9 \^ery like "hirundo" but distinguished as follows: bill 

 red without dark tip ; tarsus considerably shorter ; outer tail 

 feathers longer ; underparts darker grey ; dark grey stripe on 

 inner web of ist primary narrower, 2-3 m.m. broad in middle, and 

 paler, less contrasted. Wing 258-285. Tarsus 15-17. Fork of 

 tail 90-120. Bill 28-33. 



Breeds. — Circumpolar ; Spitzbergcn, Franz Joseph Land, Ice- 

 land, Faroes, British Isles, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Lapland, N. 

 Russia south to Dvina, and Coasts of North Sea south to Holland ; 

 also N. Siberia, Arctic America, and Greenland. Migrates; occurs 

 in other parts of Europe on passage. Appears in our winter in 

 Antarctic Seas, even to limit of open water, but not iDrecding there. 



Sterna dougalli dougalli Montagu. Roseate Tern. 

 Ger. Paradiessccschwalbc. 



$ 2 summer. Above blue grey ; forehead, crown, and nape 

 black ; beneath rosy white ; outer tail feathers much lengthened ; 

 inner part of inner web of outer primaries white to tip. Bill 

 slender, black, orange at base. Legs and feet orange red. In 

 winter, forehead white and crown less glossy, mottled white, 

 underparts white, bill black. Wing 226-240. Tarsus 19-21. 

 Fork of tail 1 10-135. ^''11 35"39- Voung are like winter adults, 

 but with dark grey band on lesser wing coverts and central part 

 of secondaries dark grey. 



Breeds. — British Isles (very local), Jutland and N. Friesland 

 Coasts (few), Coast of Brittany, Tunis, Madeira, and in greater 

 numbers on American Atlantic Coasts. Migrates ; occurs in 

 winter on Coasts of Africa ; occasionally wanders outside its 

 breeding grounds in Europe. Birds from Indian Ocean and 

 Australia have been separated as subspecies. 



