LARI— LARID.E 301 



Caspian ; also in Siberia to the Yenisei. Partly migratory ; 

 many winter in Britain ; occurs in winter on Coasts of C. and 

 S. Europe to Mediterranean ; occasional in Canaries, Kgyi)t, and 

 Persian (iulf. 



Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus. Glaucous Gull. Gcr. 

 Eismowe ; Swed. Hvit-trut. 



(^ $ summer. Above very pale bluish grey ; head, neck, tips 

 of scapulars, tail coverts, tail and underparts white ; no black in 

 wing, quills very pale grey, outer web ist primary white. Bill 

 yellow, at angle of lower mandible red. P2ye-rim orange red, iris 

 yellow. Legs and feet pinkish flesh. In winter, head and neck 

 are streaked brown. Wing $ 450-480, ? 425-455. Tarsus 65-76. 

 Bill $ 53-57j ? 48-55- Young : above dull white barred with 

 pale brown ; beneath pale greyish brown ; no black on quills, bill 

 blackish brown. In second year, creamy white with faint 

 mottlings of light brown ; adult plumage is attained in fourth 

 year. 



lirecds, — Circumpolar ; Greenland, Spitzbergen, Jan Mayen, 

 Franz Joseph Land, Iceland, Kolguev, Waigatz, Nova Zembla, 

 Coasts of N. Norway and N. Russia ; and Arctic Asia and 

 America. In winter, occurs in small numbers on W. European 

 Coasts south to E. Prussia, France (seldom), N.W. Spain (rare) ; 

 occasionally to Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas ; and 

 similarly in E. Asia and E. and \V, Coasts of N. America. 



Larus leucopterus Faber. Iceland Gull. 



(^ ? Like "hyperboreus" but smaller; stages of plumage 

 similar. Wing 395-430. Tarsus 56-64. Bill 40-44- I'ill greenish 

 yellow, at angle lower mandible a red patch. Iris buffy yellow. 

 Legs and feet pale leaden jjinkish. 



y;;rtv/j.— Arctic America (Alaska to Greenland), Jan Mayen, 

 Nova Zembla (once recorded). Occurs in winter regularly in 

 Iceland, fairly often N. British Coasts and Coasts of North Sea, 

 rarer in W. France and Baltic Sea ; and in America south to 

 New York State and (ireat Lakes. 



Larus audouini Payraudeau. AuDOuiN's Gull. Ital. 

 Gabbiano corso. 



^ 9 summer. Head, neck, tail, and underparts white ; 



