326 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



Tetrao. 



Tail rather long, wedge-shaped, lateral feathers shorter 

 than middle, 18 feathers; tarsus feathered; toes bare; inhabit 

 woods ; eggs yello\vish brown, spotted brown. 



Tetrao urogallus urogallus L. Capercailzie. Fr. Coq 

 de bruyere ; Ger. Auerhuhn ; Ital. Gallo cedrone ; Sived. Tjader. 



$ Above black ; wing coverts, secondaries and scapulars 

 chestnut brown, all freckled with white ; head and neck black 

 freckled dark grey and with bluish gloss ; upper tail coverts 

 tipped white ; beneath, chest dark glossy green, breast, abdomen, 

 and tail black, the two last with white markings (variable in 

 extent). Comb above eye red. Bill yellowish. Feet reddish 

 brown. Wing 380-410. Tarsus 65-75. Bill 35. ? Above black, 

 barred and tipped uith ochreous and white, tail barred chestnut ; 

 foreneck and chest ochreous ; breast and abdomen paler, barred 

 black and tipped white. Wing 290-310. Tarsus 52-56. Bill 24. 



Resident. — Pine Forests Scandinavia up to 70" N., N. Russia 

 from 66-30° and in Urals from 65° south to Perm, Carpathians 

 and Balkans (Bulgaria to N. Albania), Alps, Germany, Scotland 

 (was extinct, but again introduced). 



T. urogallus aquitanicus Ingram. $ As in "urogallus" but 

 smaller. Wing 350-368. ? Above generally darker than $ 

 "urogallus" and white spots on scapulars and secondaries 

 smaller, underparts darker. Wing 272-284 (H.). 



Reside?tt. — Pyrenees, and possibly Cantabrian Mountains, 

 N. Spain. 



T. urogallus volgensis Buturlin. $ Lighter above than $ 

 "urogallus," dark colour being browner. 9 Paler and greyer 

 that ? "urogallus" and with more white on underparts. Inter- 

 mediate between "urogallus" and "uralensis." 



Resident. — E. Russia (Simbirsk), 



T. urogallus uralensis Menzbier. (^ Head, neck, upper 

 parts and sides of breast much paler than in $ "urogallus," white 

 marks on tail broader, wing coverts, scapulars, and secondaries 

 paler and redder brown, upper tail coverts more broadly tipped 

 white, breast and abdomen white, freckled grey. $ Above much 

 paler than $ " urogallus " and more white throughout. 



Resident.— Kuss\2. (S. Ural, Orenburg, Ufa, Samara). 



