332 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



bluish grey. Wing ^ 153-163, ? 145-158. Tarsus 42-47. Bill 

 13-14. $ Horse-shoe mark usually smaller, and sometimes 

 replaced by white. 



Resident. — British Isles, Central Europe from S. Sweden to 

 Alps, France south to Cevcnnes and Auvergne (except Brittany 

 and Normandy), Switzerland, Poland, Austria to W. Rumania, 

 Macedonia and N. Greece. 



P. perdix sphagnetorutn (Altum). Darker than "perdix," 

 upper breast very dark grey, scapulars and wing coverts almost 

 black with chestnut bars and freckles, flank-bars darker, horse- 

 shoe very deep chestnut. Wing $ 155-160, 9 152 (H.). 



Resident. — N. Holland from Drenthe to N.W. Germany 

 (Meppen) in peat mosses. 



P. perdix armoricana Hartert. Deep rusty brown above, 

 grey colour absent ; upper breast with brownish tinge. 



Resident. — Brittany and Normandy. 



P. perdix hispaniensis Reichenow. Breast darker grey than 

 in "perdix" ; horse-shoe very deep chestnut. 



Resident. — Pyrenees and N.W. Spain, from Catalonia to Galicia. 



P. perdix italica Hartert. Above lighter and browner than 

 in " perdix " ; upper breast lighter grey. 



Resident. — Italy. 



P. perdix lucida (Altum). Above greyer, less brown than 

 "perdix," intermediate between "perdix" and "robusta." Wing 

 $ 160-168 (H.). 



Resident. — E. Prussia, Poland, Baltic Provinces to Petrograd 

 and Pskov. 



P. perdix robusta Homeyer and Tancre. Above much greyer 

 than "perdix" and barring on lower back narrower and darker ; 

 lighter grey on upper breast. Wing (^ 160-170 (H.). 



Resident. — Russia from Ural and Moscow south to Caucasus 

 and E. Rumania ; also W. Siberia. 



COTURNIX. 



No spur on tarsus; sexes alike; plumage soft; nest on 

 ground; eggs numerous, spotted or blotched. 



Coturnix coturnix coturnix (L.). Quail. Fr. Caille ; 

 Ger. Wachtel ; Hal. Quaglia ; Sived. Vaktel. 



