BIRD STUDY 35 



I, Permanent residents; II, Summer visitors; 

 III, Winter residents; IV, Transient visitors. 



In the first class are Included: (a) All those 

 birds that dwell the year round in the same 

 locality, oftentimes never venturing far from 

 their native woods or fields, as the Ruffed 

 Grouse, Bob White, Owls, etc. (b) Those varie- 

 ties which have representatives present in a 

 given locality all the year, even though Individ- 

 uals move about over a range of several hundred 

 miles. Such birds are Crows, Jays, Hairy and 

 Downy Woodpeckers, Nuthatches, Chickadees, 

 etc. While these birds are more or less given 

 to a nomadic life, their wanderings are not ex- 

 tensive enough to be classed as migrations. 



In the second class are found all that vast 

 army which, with the return of spring, make 

 their way up from their winter quarters south 

 of us, select home sites and settle down in our 

 midst to rear their broods during the months of 

 spring and summer. These again make their 

 way south In late summer or fall. 



The third class Includes those birds that rear 

 their young and spend the greater part of the 

 year to the north of us, coming down only when 

 cold and deep snows render their food supply 

 uncertain. Certain varieties, like the Sno^vyOw4, 

 visit the United States only when the winter Is 

 extremely severe. It seems that under these 

 conditions hunger drives them where the cold 

 is less intense. With other varieties, as the Snow- 

 bunting, Crossbills, Redpoll, Horned Lark, etc., 

 the journey is a regular one. 



The fourth class comprises those varieties that 



