FAMILIES OF ACANTHOPTERI. 399 
t Mouth nearly vertical ; anal fiu lon^ ; 
whole head closely scaly. 
Priacantiiid^, 8(! (h). 
tt Month nearly horizontal ; anal tin 
rather short Seruanid.e, 86. 
WW. Maxillary with its upper edge for its 
whole length slipping under the 
preorbital SPARiDiE, 88. 
HR. Anal fin elongate j pscudobranchiai present ; 
spinous dorsal little developed. 
X, Dorsal spines present ; skeleton well 
ossified. 
Y. Pectoral fins hroad, procurrcnt for- 
wards. 
1 Body scaly ; slit behind fourth gill 
small; eyes superior. 
URANOSCOPID.E, 103. 
tlBody naked; eyes lateral. 
TRlCIIODONTIDyE, 102. 
YY. Pectoral fin narrow, not procur- 
rent ; body scaly. 
Latilid/E, 101 (?;), 
XX. Dorsal spines obsolete ; skeleton 
more or less cartilaginous. 
ICOSTEID^, 101. 
GG. Gill-memhraues united to the isthmns, restricting the gill-openings 
to the sides. 
Z. Body not elevated ; lateral line 
obsolete; spinous dorsal short and 
weak ; inner rays of ventrals long- 
est Gomii)/E, 104. 
ZZ. Body elevated; lateral line 
present; spinous dorsal well de- 
velojied {Clxetodonliform fishes.) 
a. Teeth setiform, in many rows ; 
vertical fins densely scaly ; tail 
unarmed. 
h. Dorsal fin divided. 
Epiiippid^, U7. 
hb. Dorsal fin continuous. 
C 11 .ETODOXTID.E, 98. 
aa. Teeth incisor-like, in one 
row ; tail with 1 or more 
spines on each side. 
ACAMTIlURIt).E, 99. 
FF. Lower pharyngeals united. (Pharyvgof/nathi.) 
e. Nasal openings single on each side ; scales mostly ctenoid. 
d. Gills 3^, last slit small or obsolete ; pseudobranchim present ; anal 
spines 2 Pomacentrid^e, 90. 
dd. Gills 4, a slit behind the last; pseudobranchiaj ob.solete; anal 
sinnes 3 or more.. .Ciciilid.e, 95. 
cc. Nasal openings 2 on each side; anal sjjines 3; scales mo,stly cycloid. 
e. Viviparous; dorsal fiu with a scaly sheath; anal rays .slender and 
numerous Ejiriotocid.e, 93. 
ee. Oviparous; anal rays rather few. 
