394 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 
n<bnlosu>i Afjassiz, Lake Superior, 1850, 310: Gaatcrostciis condnnus Richardson, Fauna 
Bor -Atnei-rFi-slica, 57 (Saskatchewan River and Great Bear Lake ; D. VII-I, 9 ; A. 1, 8) : 
CaskTo^tenx miiuends Storer, Boat. Jonrn. Nat. Hist, i, 4(54 (Maine; D. VII-I, 9; A. 
I 8). The two last perhaps represent a distinct subspecies, distinguished by the 
presence of 7 free dorsal spines.) 
Subs, bfiielaypoda, Bean. 
Similar to pungitius, but the ventral spines very short, their length 
a little less than one-third that of the head. 13. X-I, 10; A. I, 10. 
Batlin’s Bay to Alaska; abundant. 
(Bean, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. xv, 129, 1879.) 
bb. Dorsal spines about .5, in a right line (Eucalia* Jordan). 
627. O. iBQCOBBSJaEJS Kirt. — BrooJ: Sticldcbaclc. 
Males in spring jet black, tiuged vitli red anteriorly; females and 
young olivaceous, mottled, and dotted with black. Body moderately 
elongate, little compressed, the caudal peduncle comparatively stout, 
not keeled. Skin smooth, entirely destitute of dermal jilates, the skele- 
tal plates covered by it. Innominate bone small, lanceolate, covered by 
the skin. Space in front of pectorals small ; thoracic process(\s very 
slender and widely separated, covered by skin. Gill-membranes some- 
what free posteriorly; gill-rakers short. Dorsal spines hmr or five, low, 
subequal, in a right line, a cartilaginous ridge running along the base of 
the fin; anal spine similar to dorsal spines; ventral spines short and 
sharp, serrated. Heado^; depth 4. D. IV-1, 10; A. 1, 10. L. 2.^ inches. 
New York to Kansas and Greenland, in fresh waiters only; abundant 
in the Great Lake region. 
(Kirtland, Boat. Jonrn. Nab. Hist. iii. 273, 1841: Gasterostens microptis Cope, Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18(55, 81: Eucalia Uiconstaus Jordan, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 
1877, Go : Gadcrodeua pygmanis Aga.ssiz, Lake Superior, 1850, 314, from Lake Superior; 
this is perhaps a distinct species, diffm ing in the small number of fin-rays ; D. Ill, I, 
G; A. 1,6. Eucalia inconstans var. caynya Jordan, Man. Vert. 187G, 249; specimens 
from Cayuga Lake, N. Y., with compressed and elevated body, .slenderer tail, and 
higher spines : ? Gasterostens u'illiamsoui\ Girard, U. S. Pac. R. K. Exp. and Surv. x, 94.) 
aa. Gill-membranes not free from the isthmus; body more or le,ss mailed. {Gasteros- 
teus . ) 
c. Tail naked, not keeled, t 
* Jordan. Man. Vert. E. U. S. ls7G, 248 : tyiie Gasterostens ineonslans Kirtland. {ev, 
well ; xaXia, nest.) 
t Olivaceous brown, darker above; sides spotted with black ; belly yellowish; head 
3 in length; depth 5 in total lengHi; eye 3^ in length of head; tip of first dorsal 
spi lie not reaching the ba.se of the second. D. III-I, 10; A. 1,7. (Girunt.) 'William- 
son’s Pass, California. This form may differ from G. inconstans in the .smaller number 
of dorsal spines. 
t Several recent writers have indicated their belief that the naked tailed stickle- 
backs are simple varieties of the ordinary species. This may be true, but we have 
not yet met with distinctly intermediate forms, either on the Atlantic or Pacific coast. 
